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• VC2M5P02

  conduct repeated chance experiments, including those with and without equally likely outcomes, and observe and record the results; use frequency to compare outcomes and estimate their likelihoods

  Elaborations

  • discussing and listing all the possible outcomes of an activity and conducting experiments to estimate the probabilities (for example, using coloured cards in a card game and experimenting with shuffling the deck and turning over one card at a time) and recording and discussing the results
  • conducting experiments, recording the outcomes and the number of times the outcomes occur, and describing the relative frequency of each outcome; for example, using ‘I threw the coin 10 times, and the results were 3 times for a head, so that is 3 out of 10, and 7 times for a tail, so that is 7 out of 10’
  • experimenting with and comparing the outcomes of spinners with equal coloured regions compared to unequal coloured regions; and responding to questions such as ‘How does this spinner differ to one where each of the colours has an equal chance of occurring?’, giving reasons
  • comparing the results of experiments using a fair dice and one that has numbers represented on faces more than once, explaining how this affects the likelihood of outcomes
  • using spreadsheets to record the outcomes of an activity and calculate the total frequencies of different outcomes, representing these as a fraction; for example, using coloured balls in a bag, drawing one out at a time and recording the colour, and replacing them in the bag after each draw
  • investigating Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games (for example, Diyari koolchee from the Diyari Peoples near Lake Eyre in South Australia), to conduct repeated trials and explore predictable patterns, using digital tools where appropriate

  VC2M5P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Probability

• VCITU054

  Recognise that language use varies according to the contexts of situation and culture

  Elaborations

  • discussing the differences in register when using language in different contexts, for example, when giving an oral presentation to the class, talking to friends in the schoolyard, going shopping, or visiting the doctor
  • observing that language changes depending on the age and gender of the participants
  • noticing that language varies depending on how people feel, who they are interacting with and their relationship with each other, for example, emotive language is used with friends and peers (Ma dai! Non ci credo! Che barba!), more formal language is used with unknown adults (Scusi? Per cortesia), and a range of salutations of varying degrees of formality are used in written communication (Tanti cari bacioni/Un grande abbraccio/Distinti saluti)
  • comparing language use in similar social situations in Italian and English

  VCITU054 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARU133

  Understand that familiar spoken and written Arabic texts, such as conversations and stories, have particular features and structures relating to different purposes and audiences

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences between different types of texts in Arabic, for example, comparing a verbal recount of a well-known fable with the written text, or a text message with a phone call, an email with letter
  • recognising how elements of texts in print, digital and online formats, such as title, layout, illustrations and size of script in a Big Book, combine to make meaning
  • identifying and comparing the features of different types of texts, observing similar patterns and identifying differences, for example, the opening and signature in an email and a letter, a description in a story and a diary entry
  • classifying a range of texts in print, digital and online formats, such as stories, digital greeting cards, recipes, advertisements (print and online versions) and posters, according to their purpose(s), for example, to entertain, to describe, to inform or to persuade, and recognising language features typically associated with particular texts, such as the use of imperatives in recipes and time markers in stories

  VCARU133 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC152

  Translate high-frequency signs/words and expressions in simple texts such as repeated lines in a story, noticing which ones are difficult to interpret

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as the Auslan–English versions of ‘The Wrong Book’ and answering questions about unfamiliar signs and word/sign matches and mismatches in the text
  • identifying and comparing key signs and words in Auslan and English versions of favourite stories, for example, ‘The Three Little Pigs’ and ‘The Old Woman Who Swallowed a Fly’, noticing how signs can represent concepts which might not have a direct match in English
  • translating popular children’s songs into Auslan, for example, ‘Happy Birthday’
  • playing matching-pair games with Auslan sign-image flashcards and English flashcards, for example, matching cards associated with weather or animals in both languages
  • collecting and noting a list of gestures commonly used by hearing people when speaking English that have similar meaning when used in Auslan, for example, head nodding, shoulder shrugging, pointing to watch

  VCASFC152 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCAVAE013

  Explore ideas, experiences and observations to create visual artworks

  Elaborations

  • experiencing a variety of learning experiences that encourage them to express and communicate experiences, observations, ideas and feelings about themselves and their world
  • creating arts works that have a social purpose, e.g. Easter egg, birthday card
  • using a variety of basic tools and materials safely to create visual art works including constructions and sculptures
  • participating in teacher directed class discussions which enable students to learn, discuss and express opinions about the available ways to create and make art works
  • using colour and/ or shape to communicate moods or feelings in their artworks
  • practicing drawing images and making objects related to self and personal environments in different forms, for example, painting, sculpture, photography
  • using visual conventions in their artworks after exploring different art, craft and design styles and techniques from other cultures and times, for example, Expressionism, Fauvism, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, and Asia

  VCAVAE013 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Level D | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCDEC120

  Share information with peers and teacher about aspects of their personal worlds such as friends, home, favourite objects and activities

  Elaborations

  • exchanging information about their siblings, homes, pets and activities, for example, Ich habe einen Bruder und zwei Schwestern. Wir haben einen Hund und vier Vögel. Kannst du gut schwimmen? Ich wohne in einer Wohnung und ich habe eine Katze.
  • using common responses to frequently asked questions or comments (sehr gut, das stimmt, ich auch, ich nicht, igitt!), imitating modelled intonation and stress patterns
  • asking and answering questions relating to concepts such as time, place, number, days of the week, months and seasons, for example, Wann spielst du Basketball? Wer hat im August Geburtstag? Wo spielst du Hockey? Wie viele Hobbies hast du?
  • exchanging simple correspondence such as notes, invitations or birthday cards in print or digital form

  VCDEC120 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEU133

  Identify the purposes of familiar personal, informative and imaginative texts such as maps, calendars and fairy tales, and explain how particular features of such texts help to achieve these purposes

  Elaborations

  • classifying a range of digital and other texts such as fairy tales, recipes, instructions, advertisements, greeting cards, maps or songs according to their purpose(s) (such as to entertain, describe or instruct), discussing and justifying choices in English
  • comparing wall calendars from a German-speaking country and Australia in terms of structure, public holidays, pictorial representation of seasons, and cultural influences
  • identifying and comparing the features of different types of texts, such as a cookery book, a picture storybook or a comic
  • discussing the structure of shared reading texts, identifying sentences, questions, answers and greetings (Satz, Frage, Antwort and Gruß), and recognising how different textual elements such as title, layout, script and images combine to make meaning

  VCDEU133 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDSCD018

  Explore needs or opportunities for designing, and the technologies needed to realise designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • identifying, gathering and playing with materials, components, tools and equipment to generate personal design ideas, for example designing a greeting card for a friend
  • exploring opportunities around the school for designing solutions, for example how school play areas could be improved; how the school removes classroom waste and identifying opportunities to reduce, recycle and re-use materials; reviewing the school canteen menu to identify healthy food options and suggesting changes to promote good health
  • discussing possible designed solutions based on experience and some research, for example asking adults for advice
  • considering the importance of sustainability in designed solutions, for example comparing the durability of materials for a selected solution
  • exploring which tools, equipment and techniques to use with selected materials

  VCDSCD018 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Foundation to Level 2 | Creating Designed Solutions | Investigating

• VCELC127

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with Greek and English word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences into Greek, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English, as in the case of expressions of politeness, for example, Ένα μολύβι, παρακαλώ or Θα ήθελα ένα μολύβι, παρακαλώ (A literal translation of Μπορώ να έχω ένα μολύβι, σε παρακαλώ; would not be used in Greek.)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Greek into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels (Δελφών 30, ΟΔΟΣ ΕΡΜΟΥ, ΦΡΕΣΚΟ ΓΑΛΑ, 4€), noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCELC127 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELC157

  Obtain and interpret information from a range of spoken, written, print or digital texts related to topics of interest such as leisure, food and diet, entertainment and special occasions

  Elaborations

  • collecting information from a range of texts, such as advertisements, signs, announcements, maps and recipes, identifying context, purpose and audience
  • comparing information from different texts such as a diary entry, song or invitation, about special occasions, evaluating information and discussing culture-specific terms and representations (Να ζήσεις! Χρόνια πολλά)
  • using print and online resources such as dictionaries and grammar references to support understanding of texts
  • summarising information and viewpoints in a range of texts, using tools such as guided note taking
  • accessing print and digital texts, such as invitations, cards and messages, summarising main ideas and key information and responding to them, for example, Ευχαριστώ για το μήνυμα, Θα είμαι εκεί στις εφτά

  VCELC157 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESC134

  Compare and explain simple texts or expressions in both Spanish and English, such as street signs, advertisements, sayings and greetings

  Elaborations

  • comparing Spanish expressions used in routine social interactions such as greetings with equivalent English versions, identifying differences, similarities and cultural references, for example, ¿qué tal?/‘Hi!’, chao/‘See you later’, ¡buen provecho!/‘Enjoy your lunch’
  • matching street signs from the Spanish-speaking world with equivalents found in Australia, for example, Llamas en la carretera and ‘Koalas crossing’, No pisar el césped and ‘Keep off the grass’
  • using a picture or digital dictionary to find the meanings of simple words used in class, and comparing English and Spanish versions of each word
  • playing matching-pair games with Spanish and English word cards, matching vocabulary for familiar concepts or objects, for example, family members, or vocabulary related to food/eating

  VCESC134 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRU070

  Reflect on changes in their own use of language(s) over time, noticing how and when new ways are adopted or existing ways adapted

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on changes in their own ways of communicating, identifying new terms and behaviours which have become part of everyday language through changes in technology and social media, for example, language associated with l’Internet, le portable, les jeux électroniques, electronic messaging replacing handwritten letters or cards
  • examining own and others’ ways of interacting to detect influences from other people, cultures or media products, for example, friends, relatives, teachers, media personalities; travel, education, music and entertainment
  • comparing the experience of learning French and other languages, either in school or in community contexts, and considering how languages intersect or are used for different social functions within families and friendship groups

  VCFRU070 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDC069

  Build relationships by sharing personal opinions, memories and feelings about aspects of childhood, teenage life and aspirations

  Elaborations

  • corresponding with peers such as by using telephone/video calls, SMS or social media to build relationships and share views on aspects of teenage life such as friends, responsibilities, interests, aspirations and topical issues
  • creating an autobiographical account to share with others describing key milestones in own life, for example, a significant birthday, an overseas trip, a religious ceremony, a sporting event, music accreditation, getting a learner’s permit
  • sending (digital) greeting cards or messages to express feelings or attitudes towards people, events and interests, for example, expressing regret, sympathy, dissatisfaction, admiration or gratitude
  • participating in exchanges, using strategies to initiate and sustain interactions, such as showing agreement or surprise, or asking for clarification or confirmation, for example, Boleh saya bertanya…?, Apa maksudmu?, Maaf?, Oh, begitu

  VCIDC069 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCIDC055

  Identify, summarise and evaluate factual information related to topics of interest such as leisure, food and diet, entertainment and special occasions

  Elaborations

  • gathering data from class surveys, social networking profiles, realia and charts to use in own texts, for example, synthesising information for a report or presentation
  • listening to, reading and viewing (digital) invitations, cards and messages, and responding to them
  • engaging with simple texts such as magazines, interviews, announcements and websites to gather facts about events or people, and reporting information to others, for example, using a timeline to show a sequence of events or create a profile of a famous Indonesian
  • analysing and summarising information from reports, posters, websites, itineraries and brochures, using tools such as concept maps and tables to organise and present information
  • comparing details from a range of texts about special occasions and ceremonies, and discussing culture-specific terms and representations

  VCIDC055 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCIDC018

  Share with peers and teacher information about aspects of personal world such as daily routines, home, and favourite objects and pastimes

  Elaborations

  • sharing information about self related to daily routine, family and friends, pastimes and aspects of school and home, for example, Saya tinggal di Darwin dengan keluarga saya. Rumah saya besar, Saya bermain bola basket, Saya suka es krim
  • describing items and experiences of personal significance such as birthdays, for example, hari ulang tahun
  • interacting with others, such as through greeting cards and shared digital spaces, using language related to special occasions and well-wishing, for example, Selamat Hari Ulang Tahun, Selamat Hari Raya
  • recounting events and sharing feelings with others, using modelled language, for example, Waktu saya sakit; Saya senang bermain komputer

  VCIDC018 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCIDC091

  Engage with imaginative texts such as cartoons, songs and stories, and respond by describing aspects such as characters, events and ideas

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing texts such as television shows (for example, Sinetron, Indonesian idol), video clips, jingles and online greeting cards, and creating a new version or adding a new element to the plot
  • reading and viewing cartoons, comics and stories (for example, si Kancil), and expressing opinions about characters, events and ideas in texts, for example, saya suka/tidak suka, saya pikir, pada pendapat saya
  • listening to and viewing dramatic performances such as wayang or barong or extracts from films, sharing reactions with peers, and noticing ideas and comparing aspects that may be similar or different across cultures
  • inventing a new aspect of a text, such as a new character, plot, object or perspective, or an alternative ending

  VCIDC091 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCIDU082

  Recognise the purpose and features of a range of texts such as persuasive, argumentative and expository texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising features of spoken texts such as conversations and speeches, for example, the use of back channels (begitu, ya), discourse markers (nah, sekian), hesitations (anu) and non-standard expressions (Mau nggak?)
  • analysing linguistic structures and features associated with particular texts, for example, showing humility and deference in a job application, wishing longevity in birthday cards, using data to support an argument, using emotive language to persuade, and creating tension in drama
  • understanding conventions in some Indonesian texts such as apologising at the beginning or end of a speech (Maafkan saya atas semua kesalahan saya) , or including religious expressions such as thanking God for good health or fortune (Alhamdulilah)

  VCIDU082 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC117

  Participate in spoken and written transactions, including obtaining and negotiating different services and problem-solving

  Elaborations

  • participating in negotiations in conversation and correspondence, for example, discussing possibilities regarding travel to Italy or the purchase of goods such as fashion items, musical equipment, a mobile phone (Quanto costa il biglietto per … ? Vorrei il biglietto più economico. Posso vedere l’ultimo modello del telefonino Ha una custodia colorata? Queste scarpe sono piccole; ho bisogno di un numero più grande. I pantaloni sono troppo larghi. C’è la taglia più piccola?)
  • corresponding to express a complaint about a poor-quality service and suggest a way to improve it
  • applying for a part-time job and participating in a mock interview
  • requesting a service, for example, changing a flight, exchanging currency, purchasing a SIM card or confirming accommodation

  VCITC117 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC021

  Participate in collaborative action in class experiences and activities

  Elaborations

  • participating in organising a shared lunch in Italian (for example, Who will bring what? Who will invite parents? Facciamo un dolce. Chi porta lo zucchero? Chi porta le mele?) or a shared performance for assembly or guests, for example, Ti piace? Chi dobbiamo invitare? Facciamo un poster
  • creating invitation cards for a party, performance or class event, for example, Caro…Vieni alla nostra festa/recita/riunione! Il giorno…Alle ore ….Luogo/Presso
  • following procedures and instructions together, for example, recipes such as una macedonia di frutta, or making a model of an Italian garden or piazza

  VCITC021 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC027

  Create short, simple imaginative texts for different audiences

  Elaborations

  • making up rhymes and nonsense phrases in playing with the Italian language
  • creating new versions of well-known songs by substituting the words, for example, Per fare un tavolo could become Per fare un cavolo, ci vuole …
  • making picture storybooks (including digital versions) with captions to share with younger students
  • creating a story based on a set of images (for example, Il papà si alza. Il papà mangia. Il papà parte); matching or sequencing a set of images
  • creating greeting cards, for example, Caro/Cara …; … Saluti da …

  VCITC027 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating