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• VCELU135

  Understand that languages change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in English that are derived from Greek and words in Greek that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language used by the Ancient Greeks has developed into the Modern Greek language and that the Greek language has influenced many languages including English
  • understanding that there is the standard language called ‘Modern Greek’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Greece and the Greek diaspora
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own (for example, Ancient Greek has influenced and still influences many languages of the world)
  • viewing inscriptions on Ancient Greek tombstones (for example, from Vergina), coins (for example, from from Alexander the Great or King Philip’s reign) and vases (for example, from the Hellenistic era)
  • recognising that some words in Greek are borrowed from other languages, for example, πάρτυ, χόμπυ, μπάσκετ, κομπιούτερ
  • examining the etymology of everyday words in English which are derived from Greek morphemes/words or from Greek myths (for example, aeroplane, Ajax, history, mathematics, Nike, school, story) and discussing the extent to which this has occurred

  VCELU135 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VC2MFN05

  represent practical situations, including simple financial situations, involving addition, subtraction and quantification with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies

  Elaborations

  • using role-play and materials to represent mathematical relationships in stories; for example, role-playing ‘Eight kangaroos were drinking at the river and 3 hopped away’, drawing a picture and using materials to represent the situation, discussing, and recording the result of the action with a numeral
  • role-playing or actively engaging in situations that involve quantifying or comparing collections of items or simple money transactions; for example, engaging with the question ‘Do we have enough scissors for our group so that each person has their own pair?’, or role-playing using $1 coins to pay for items in a shop where items are priced in whole dollars
  • representing situations expressed in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander stories, such as ‘Tiddalick, the greedy frog’, that describe additive situations and their connections to Country/Place
  • representing addition and subtraction situations found in leaf games involving sets of objects used to tell stories, such as games from the Warlpiri Peoples of Yuendumu in the Northern Territory

  VC2MFN05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Foundation Level | Number

• VC2M8P02

  determine all possible outcome combinations for 2 events, using two-way tables, tree diagrams and Venn diagrams, and use these to determine probabilities of specific events in practical situations

  Elaborations

  • describing events using language of ‘at least’, exclusive ‘or’ (A or B but not both), inclusive ‘or’ (A or B or both) and ‘and’
  • using the relation Pr(A and B) + Pr(A and not B) + Pr(not A and B) + Pr(not A and not B) = 1 to calculate probabilities, including the special case of mutually exclusive events where Pr(A and B) = 0
  • using Venn diagrams or two-way tables to demonstrate the difference between events that are mutually exclusive, such as whether a coin toss will land on a head or a tail, and those that are not mutually exclusive, such as people who have blonde hair and people who have blue eyes
  • exploring Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games, for example, Battendi from the Ngarrindjeri Peoples of Lake Murray and Lake Albert in southern Australia, applying possible combinations and relationships and calculating probabilities using two-way tables and Venn diagrams

  VC2M8P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Probability

• VCEALL416

  Use basic and some complex verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • applying verb tenses more consistently, for example using most common irregular past tenses, such as ‘came’, ‘gave’, ‘thought’, ‘said’
  • using correct subject–verb agreement with simple and some complex tenses, such as ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘My cousin has come to visit’
  • forming multi-word negatives accurately, for example including auxiliary and modal verbs (‘He did not need to carry that’) or expressing more complex tense (‘She has not started yet’)

  VCEALL416 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCESC154

  Compare ways of communicating in particular Australian and Spanish-speaking contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying features of observed interactions between Spanish and English speakers in specific contexts such as the classroom, the home or the shops, noticing similarities and differences
  • planning a virtual or actual visit to a school in a Spanish-language environment, deciding on strategies for successful communication, for example, how to interpret cultural information and how to be flexible in own ways of communicating
  • reflecting on instances when interactions in Spanish have felt challenging or awkward, and explaining why this might have been the case

  VCESC154 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCGGC059

  Identify how people are connected to different places

  Elaborations

  • examining the ways people are connected to other places through, for example, relatives, friends, things people buy or obtain, holidays, sport, family origin, beliefs, and places of particular significance
  • suggesting what the pattern of visits to places might have been two generations ago and comparing this to their current pattern
  • discussing how some people are connected to one Country, for example, because it is ‘mother’s’ Country or ‘father’s’ Country

  VCGGC059 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC061

  Represent data and the location of places and their features by constructing tables, plans and labelled maps

  Elaborations

  • making a map to show how a bird would see a place (birds-eye view), using pictures or models of objects
  • completing a table to show the significant features or uses of different places
  • locating on an outline map the places they are connected to, or the places they visit for shopping, recreation, family, personal or other reasons
  • investigating how symbols are used to represent categories of objects and categorising drawings or images of environmental features of the local place into natural, managed and constructed features

  VCGGC061 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCHIC081

  Create texts that draw on bilingual resources to explore and reflect the multicultural nature of their personal, school and community experience

  Elaborations

  • interviewing community members about their life stories and experiences to create digital/multimodal profiles that include the use of voice-overs in Hindi, images, music and English subtitles
  • creating raps or jingles that mix English and Hindi words/expressions, rhythms and gestures to capture elements of their own communicative behaviours
  • creating a bilingual information pack in print and/or digital form about their school and local community to present to a visiting school
  • creating glossaries and annotations in English that provide explanations for cultural and contextual references in contemporary Hindi texts

  VCHIC081 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDC060

  Create bilingual texts in collaboration with others for the wider community

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts, using subtitles and captions, to inform school community about aspects of Indonesian culture, (such as visiting an Indonesian home, shopping at a market, attending a ceremony, giving a gift)
  • producing public information texts in both Indonesian and English, such as promoting a concert, or an interview with a celebrity for a teen radio station
  • creating digital texts such as songs or dialogues with options for displaying in either Indonesian or English

  VCIDC060 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITC022

  Participate in everyday transactions to obtain goods

  Elaborations

  • writing a shopping list based on resources such as online supermarket catalogues, and doing the shopping in a real or simulated situation
  • requesting goods, for example, Posso avere un gelato? Posso avere il pennarello?
  • participating in a visit to the local market to buy ingredients for making minestrone, or participating in ordering food at the school canteen, for example, Io prendo un panino con il formaggio. E tu, cosa prendi?

  VCITC022 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC078

  Contribute ideas, opinions and suggestions in interactions related to shared tasks and problem-solving, managing diverse views

  Elaborations

  • contributing suggestions about purposes, processes and roles in collaborative planning such as creating an itinerary for a visiting Italian student, for example, Come? Vorresti vedere …? Che ne dici di …? Cosa ne pensi di …? Vogliamo …? Ti piacerebbe ...?
  • planning and making decisions with others (for example, about an event or visit), expressing preferences and asking questions to clarify intentions, for example, Bisogna/propongo di fare così … Prima andiamo a …, poi ci fermiamo a … Torneremo a casa entro le nove. Cosa pensi se …? Sei d’accordo? Va bene?
  • participating in scenarios such as visiting friends or going on an outing to the city, including negotiating options and stating wants and needs (for example, Se viene …, vengo anch’ io. Secondo te, sarebbe meglio se …?); inviting peers to attend a celebration or party, and expressing agreement, disagreement, disappointment or enthusiasm when accepting and declining offers, requests and invitations, for example, Che bello! Non partire senza salutarmi … Non credere a queste cose. Conviene prendere l’autobus. T’interessa venire ...? Sei libero ...? Non mi va. Che delusione!
  • making shared decisions, solving problems and discussing alternative solutions
  • contributing suggestions in the context of undertaking a social project such as visiting a childcare centre or the local Italian aged-care home

  VCITC078 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLVU145

  Recognise that different words and language forms are used to address and communicate with people according to relationship and context

  Elaborations

  • noticing that different forms of address and kinship terms are used depending on the relationship between participants
  • recognising that the way someone is related to others affects how he or she speaks to them
  • recognising that ways of speaking vary according to context and situation, for example, language used when interacting with peers during playground games is different to that used with the teaching team and with visiting respected community members
  • recognising that language used in particular interactions can vary between cultural contexts, for example, the use of titles in English compared to kin categories in the language

  VCLVU145 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC044

  Engage in intercultural experiences, comparing ways of communicating in Australian and speaking contexts of the language being studied and identifying ways that culture influences language use

  Elaborations

  • investigating aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, using colloquialisms and idioms such as g’day, howzat, this arvo, mozzie
  • reflecting on situations where interactions in the target language have felt awkward or difficult, discussing own reactions and adjustments
  • considering what linguistic or cultural information they would need to know in order to visit a school in a country where the target language is spoken and talking about adjustments they may need to make in language use and behaviour

  VCNRC044 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAC060

  Create bilingual texts in collaboration with others for the wider community

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts, using subtitles and captions to inform the school community about aspects of the culture/s studied, such as shopping at a market, visiting a home, attending a ceremony, giving a gift
  • producing public information texts in both the language and English, such as promoting a concert, or an interview with a celebrity for a teen radio station
  • creating digital texts such as songs or dialogues with options for displaying them in either the language or English

  VCRAC060 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAC005

  Give factual information about self, family and significant objects using labels, captions and descriptions

  Elaborations

  • recounting with the class details about shared events such as sports day, excursions, a class visit or holidays
  • participating in ‘show and tell’, presenting topics of daily life and personal interest
  • describing aspects of shared knowledge about the use of the language, such as by pointing to places on a map or at pictures of foods, flora and fauna
  • using key words and phrases to describe aspects of a video clip, photo story, or excerpt from a television program

  VCRAC005 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC252

  Create bilingual texts for a range of audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • acting as translator between Chinese and English speakers during school events, and reflecting on the linguistic and cultural issues encountered, for example, when sister-school teachers and students visit
  • translating texts for a range of audiences and contexts, identifying adjustments to language choices made according social position of audience and context
  • comparing bilingual editions of novels and discussing how authors and translators maintain the effect of stylistic devices across languages, for example, the use of metaphor

  VCZHC252 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC092

  Participate in collaborative activities such as performances and presentations that involve planning, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating

  Elaborations

  • collaboratively creating computer-generated designs such as a virtual ideal home or leisure centre, negotiating with each other in relation to different elements and priorities, for example, Moi, je voudrais une salle média immense…, ah non, moi je préfère un grand jardin
  • managing an allocated budget for online shopping, deciding on selected items and explaining choices, for example, le 2ème à moitié prix; 3CD à 15 €
  • creating displays, presentations or performances for family, friends or school community to showcase French learning
  • organising class events such as a vide-grenier/marché aux puces, preparing labels and prices, using transactional language (for example, c’est combien? un très bon prix, vente flash! non, c’est trop cher… une échange?...), and using imperative, declarative and interrogative verb forms to buy, sell or swap items
  • issuing, accepting and declining invitations, adjusting language to suit formal or informal contexts, for example, es-tu libre samedi prochain? je t’invite; je ne suis pas libre - c’est possible dimanche? j’ai le grand plaisir de vous inviter…
  • organising social or sports events, and planning location, date and time (for example, rendez-vous au Stade Central à midi; 19 h chez ma cousine; n’oublie pas ton sac de couchage), using aller + infinitive forms of verbs such as venir, arriver, partir and commencer, for example, nous allons partir à sept heures
  • making arrangements to cater for events such as celebrations or outings through spoken and written texts such as lists, phone calls, letters or emails, and estimating quantities, numbers and prices, for example, il me faut…, une trentaine de… ça coûte combien?

  VCFRC092 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC198

  Adapt events and characters from popular Chinese narratives for particular audiences and to create specific effects

  Elaborations

  • creating songs or jingles to promote products, services or events in imaginative ways
  • performing Chinese songs, experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to convey the songs’ intended sentiment and meaning and to enhance entertainment
  • exploring personal response to people, places, events and experiences within texts (for example, creating a diary entry from the perspective of a character encountered in a traditional story), and reflecting on language choices made
  • creating short narratives to capture the experiences, thoughts and emotions of characters in imagined contexts
  • creating digital stories by producing labels for pictures, photographs and cartoons, and presenting them in combination with sound, voice and music to convey a sequence of events
  • plotting a storyline in Chinese, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?
  • creating narratives to describe imagined experiences in diverse contexts, based on sample topics and texts, for example, imagining a visit to China and recounting a visit to a homestay family or an adventure on the Great Wall, or describing experiences when a Chinese student comes to stay in Australia
  • creating stories in various literary styles (for example, 记叙文、散文、诗歌), experimenting with descriptive language to capture the intensity of characters’ emotions and to create tension, for example, 我看到好多漂亮的花，有粉红的，雪白的，真是太美了

  VCZHC198 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCAMAE029

  Explore representations, characterisations and viewpoints of people in their community, using stories, structure, settings, and genre conventions in images, sounds and text

  Elaborations

  • applying the conventions of an established genre to an ordinary everyday event to create humour, for example, a visit to the library as an action movie or lunch as a sports commentary on the radio
  • exploring different power relationships and showing different perspectives on characters by framing images, for example, representing a power relationship drawn from their school or community
  • designing and drawing a game character for a particular genre, considering the appropriate costume, mannerisms and genre-specific dialogue
  • selecting combinations of media materials to represent the same person, location or idea in different ways in a multimodal form, for example, using different music or sound effects or images to represent the same story

  VCAMAE029 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 5 and 6 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCDEC121

  Participate collaboratively in shared class experiences and transactions

  Elaborations

  • creating a shared digital photo story after a class activity or event such as a visit to a German restaurant
  • following procedures and instructions with peers, for example, how to create a Hampelmann or Lebkuchenhaus
  • preparing a German item for a school performance, for example, Schnappi or Kleiner Hai song, Hänsel und Gretel play
  • conducting real or simulated transactions such as a ‘picture swap’ or choosing a present for a friend, for example, Lara mag Puppen. Was kostet die Puppe?

  VCDEC121 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising