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• VCZHU090

  Recognise the tone-syllable nature of the spoken language, discriminate use of tones, rhythm, and sound flow in interactions, and use Pinyin to support learning the spoken language

  Elaborations

  • exploring key features of Chinese phonology, examining the range of sounds and recognising how spoken syllables and tones are represented in Pinyin, by spelling words in Pinyin, or reading aloud words and sentences in Pinyin with attention to pronunciation, tone and phrasing
  • differentiating between sounds and tones when listening to or producing spoken Chinese, for example, distinguishing between 我买 / 我卖东西, or between 庄 (zhuang) and 专 (zhuan)
  • recognising and discriminating between homonyms in Chinese (for example, shì — 是 and 室), relying on context to assist understanding, and differentiating syllables with different tones, for example, shì (是) and shí (十)

  VCZHU090 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU144

  Explore how the Chinese language represents cultural meanings in specific ways

  Elaborations

  • identifying culturally specific terms and phrases, for example, ‘mate’ in Australian English and 吃了吗 in Chinese, and sharing insights into why particular cultures value certain colloquial language
  • associating the literal and cultural meanings of words and expressions such as 红红火火
  • discussing the contextual and cultural meanings of words that cannot be directly translated into another language, for example, translating 手足 as ‘brothers’
  • reading Chinese idioms (成语故事; for example, 《指鹿为马》、《狐假虎威》、《买椟还珠》、《拔苗助长》), and discussing their meanings; exploring the relevance and significance of these idioms to contemporary life and how these phrases are used in daily communication, such as 生日快乐 for birthdays, 大吉大利 for New Year and 团团圆圆 for Mid-Autumn Festival

  VCZHU144 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCADAD010

  Explore dance movements to communicate ideas

  Elaborations

  • imitating a simple movement sequence as it is modelled by an adult
  • responding to words ‘fast’, ‘slow, ‘high’, ‘low’ etc. while practising movements
  • practising and responding to a range of fundamental movements to music, for example, walking, running, marching, crawling (locomotor); bending, stretching, twisting, turning (non-locomotor)
  • practising fundamental movements to develop technical skills of body control, balance and coordination

  VCADAD010 | The Arts | Dance | Level C | Dance Practices

• VCADRD026

  Use voice, body, movement and language to sustain role and relationships and create dramatic action with a sense of time and place

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with the loudness/softness, pace and pitch of their voices to create roles and situations, time and place
  • exploring roles and situations by trialling the use of language, such as choice of words, expressions and tone
  • developing sensory and spatial awareness when creating dramatic action
  • experimenting with body language and gesture used in drama from different cultures and times, for example, in dramatic traditions or practices from Asian societies

  VCADRD026 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 3 and 4 | Drama Practices

• VCADRP011

  Present drama that communicates ideas, feelings and/or experiences

  Elaborations

  • responding to various performing and visual arts, e.g. clap along, study images within a picture
  • communicating feelings to others through simple role plays or perform
  • starting to use and like some familiar words and images to form a meaningful communication
  • re-enacting significant part/s of cultural or community story with the assistance of representatives from the community
  • rehearsing and performing sequences of ideas to communicate stories through drama

  VCADRP011 | The Arts | Drama | Level C | Present and Perform

• VCARU153

  Explore how language use reflects particular value systems, attitudes and patterns of behaviour by comparing ways of communicating across cultures

  Elaborations

  • describing own and others’ ways of communicating, and identifying aspects that reflect traditions, values and practices in Arabic-speaking communities
  • exploring words or expressions commonly used in informal interactions in the Australian context, and interpreting or explaining them for young Arabic speakers, for example, ‘mate’ or ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and interactions between young Arabic and English speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, expressions of politeness or turn-taking in conversations, and reflecting on the influence of culture on language use

  VCARU153 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCCCTM009

  Investigate ways to problem-solve, using egocentric and experiential language

  Elaborations

  • discussing sequencing of steps as a problem-solving approach in response to a ‘how do I…?’ problem, and experimenting with different sequences
  • using number sentences as a problem-solving approach to solve a worded problem involving quantities, and thinking out loud to a partner while constructing these sentences, for example ‘I want to know how many farm animals have escaped. I can see that…’

  VCCCTM009 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Meta-Cognition

• VCDEU135

  Recognise that German and English are related languages and that German is an important European and global language

  Elaborations

  • exploring some similarities between Germanic languages, such as Dutch, English and German cognates
  • recognising that German is an official language of the ‘DACHL’ countries (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein) as well as in Belgium, Luxembourg and South Tyrol
  • finding examples of German used at home or in the community and creating a class collection or display, for example, products, labels or words used in English language advertisements, shop signs, recipe books or menus

  VCDEU135 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCEALA412

  Use home language resources to develop English

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with home language peers to clarify new vocabulary and ideas, and formulate home language terms and definitions
  • referring to home language or bilingual texts such as glossaries, dictionaries or online translation tools for explanation and clarification of new vocabulary and information
  • recording words and information in personal dictionaries or notes, using a combination of English and home language to indicate meaning, pronunciation and usage

  VCEALA412 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA718

  Understand how the purpose and audience of a text can influence content and form

  Elaborations

  • designing layout and visual features to suit purpose and audience, for example using bright colours in an illustrated story for children
  • transforming texts to suit a different purpose or audience, for example converting a road safety website for learner drivers to a pamphlet for older drivers
  • discussing language choices with regard to purpose and audience, for example reflecting on word choices in a persuasive text

  VCEALA718 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA093

  Use a small range of strategies to negotiate meaning in conversation

  Elaborations

  • seeking help or clarification from other speakers, for example through home language, gesture, rewording
  • interrupting to ask a speaker to repeat or speak slowly, such as by asking ‘Say again, please’
  • using some social formulas when asking for clarification, such as ‘Please’, ‘Excuse me’
  • composing simple requests to ask for clarification, for example ‘Please repeat’, ‘What means …?’
  • referring to the speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Get your stationery’, Student: ‘What is stationery?’

  VCEALA093 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA746

  Use home language resources to develop English

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with same language peers to clarify new vocabulary and ideas, and formulate home language terms and definitions
  • referring to home language or bilingual glossaries, dictionaries, thesauruses or online translation tools for explanation and clarification of new vocabulary and information
  • recording words and information in personal dictionaries or notes, using a combination of English and home language to indicate meaning, pronunciation and usage

  VCEALA746 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA091

  Initiate and maintain simple conversations with others

  Elaborations

  • understanding and responding to simple English expressions related to personal or familiar topics, for example answering simple questions by giving basic information about self
  • borrowing words from questions asked, for example ‘What is your hobby?’, ‘My hobby is …’
  • negotiating meaning through use of gestures, modified speech, simple questions and clarifications
  • initiating exchanges in social and learning context, for example by asking a question

  VCEALA091 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC004

  Question to check meaning so as to clarify or confirm

  Elaborations

  • checking understanding of simple, familiar instructions and routines, for example Teacher: ‘It’s playtime.’ Student: ‘Go outside?’
  • using learnt social formulas, such as ‘please’ and ‘thank you’, when asking questions
  • using simple formulaic expressions to make requests or ask questions, for example ‘Please say again’, ‘What is that?’
  • listening to and using speaker’s key words when asking for clarification, for example Teacher: ‘Paste it in your book.’ Student: ‘Language book?’
  • supplementing spoken requests with gesture and mime

  VCEALC004 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC084

  Respond appropriately in a range of common social and classroom situations

  Elaborations

  • responding with short extended responses including answering questions, adding to other speakers’ points, giving personal opinions
  • expressing ideas, humour and simple opinions, and describing feelings, for example ‘I am very happy’
  • giving a short presentation to a group on a familiar topic, such as sharing or recounting a personal experience
  • borrowing key topic words and question structures to help formulate responses

  VCEALC084 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC007

  Participate in simple and familiar songs, rhymes and chants

  Elaborations

  • reciting familiar rhymes, songs with actions or lists of words such as days of the week or colours of the rainbow
  • rehearsing formulas or short exchanges based on models, such as ‘Hello, what is your name?’, ‘My name is … What is your name?’, ‘Pleased to meet you’
  • role-playing popular stories or songs, for example ‘Little pig, little pig, let me in’

  VCEALC007 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC241

  Interact and respond appropriately verbally and non-verbally in simple conversations with teacher or peers

  Elaborations

  • indicating agreement or non-agreement through body language such as nodding or shaking the head, or formulaic speech such as ‘I agree’, ‘I don’t think so’
  • using some culturally appropriate conventions such as ‘Excuse me’, ‘Please …’, ‘Thank you’
  • borrowing words from the question, for example Teacher: ‘What is your hobby?’ Student: ‘My hobby is …’

  VCEALC241 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC088

  Follow a short sequence of instructions related to classroom procedures or learning activities

  Elaborations

  • following a range of classroom instructions, for example book borrowing procedures, rules for using computers
  • ordering information from a short spoken text using visual images
  • identifying key words and phrases that refer to known objects in the classroom or locations in the school
  • understanding common classroom action verbs such as ‘sit’, ‘collect’, ‘open’, ‘stop’
  • using contextual information to clarify or confirm instructions, for example the teacher’s gestures, the actions of peers

  VCEALC088 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL416

  Use basic and some complex verb forms accurately

  Elaborations

  • applying verb tenses more consistently, for example using most common irregular past tenses, such as ‘came’, ‘gave’, ‘thought’, ‘said’
  • using correct subject–verb agreement with simple and some complex tenses, such as ‘I go’, ‘She goes’, ‘My cousin has come to visit’
  • forming multi-word negatives accurately, for example including auxiliary and modal verbs (‘He did not need to carry that’) or expressing more complex tense (‘She has not started yet’)

  VCEALL416 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL602

  Experiment with different tenses and use some common irregular past tense verbs correctly

  Elaborations

  • using a small number of common irregular past tense verbs accurately, such as ‘went’, ‘bought’, ‘woke’
  • matching simple present and past tense verbs to time words, such as ‘Today I have …’, ‘Last week we went …’, ‘They always sit …’
  • experimenting with more complex tenses, with varied accuracy, for example elaborated tenses (‘I have been to …’), negatives (‘They didn’t had …’)

  VCEALL602 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features