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• VC2M4ST02

  analyse the effectiveness of different displays or visualisations in illustrating and comparing data distributions, then discuss the shape of distributions and the variation in the data

  Elaborations

  • suggesting questions that can be answered by a given data display and using the display to answer these questions
  • interpreting data representations in the media and other forums where symbols represent one-to-many relationships and how this can be challenging when the representations use part-whole representations
  • comparing different student-generated diagrams, tables and graphs, describing their similarities and differences and commenting on the usefulness of each representation for interpreting the data

  VC2M4ST02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Statistics

• VCNRC025

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels, noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCNRC025 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC006

  Participate in shared imaginative activities and respond through singing, chanting, play-acting and movement

  Elaborations

  • reading shared imaginative texts, repeating words and rehearsed language patterns, and making predictions about the storyline and characters, using cues from the heading, symbols, pictures and words in the text
  • performing songs, chants and rhymes in response to an imaginative text, experimenting with different expressive effects, such as using different voices
  • interacting with a character or puppet in an imaginary situation or setting, for example, Spot the Dog
  • acting out their favourite character or event from a shared story and making simple statements

  VCNRC006 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC059

  Translate texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in the language

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries and other translation tools, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCNRC059 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU051

  Understand that language and culture are integral to identity and are reflected in communication styles

  Elaborations

  • discussing own and peers’ understanding of concepts and messages expressed in stories/myths/song lyrics
  • recognising that language use can have connections to cultural practices, such as celebrations
  • reflecting on the experience of learning the language and culture and identifying situations that have provided awareness of own cultural practices and values, for example, attending a cultural festival or show
  • discussing the meaning of culture, how it involves visible elements such as symbols, food, national costumes, dancing and language, and invisible elements such as values and beliefs

  VCNRU051 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCRAC076

  Translate a range of informative, literary and personal texts, comparing interpretations and explaining how cultural perspectives and concepts have been represented

  Elaborations

  • translating short texts and excerpts from a range of informative and literary texts, and reflecting on aspects of culture embedded in idiomatic language and proverbs, for example, proverbs in both the language and English such as 'The early bird catches the worm' or sayings such as ‘it’s raining cats and dogs’, or ‘as tough as nails’
  • choosing how to best represent cultural concepts and expressions for example, ‘best friend’, ‘better late than never’, ‘home sweet home’
  • translating signs and symbols such as public signs and emoticons

  VCRAC076 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU202

  Explain the phonological and tonal features of Chinese, including variations in tone, stress and phrasing in diverse settings

  Elaborations

  • recognising the value of Pinyin romanisation to assist in distinguishing and analysing differences in spoken Chinese, to generate digital texts and to develop understanding of sound–symbol correspondences in characters
  • identifying subtle differences in pronunciation in spoken Chinese, including variations in regional accents, especially in speakers of other dialects, for example, distinguishing between ‘qing’ and ‘qin’, ‘lou’ and ‘rou’, ‘liang’ and ‘lang’, ‘shi’ and ‘si’, ‘lan’ and ‘nan’
  • developing tone discrimination and exploring the impact of tone choice, including tone sandhi, on the meanings expressed in speech, for example, ‘mǎi’ and ‘mài’, ‘bùqù’ and ‘búqù’

  VCZHU202 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU163

  Distinguish and produce the speech sounds of the language, understanding how these are represented in writing

  Elaborations

  • identifying meaningful sounds, syllables and morphemes in words and phrases
  • confirming sound–symbol correspondences in the language by reading syllables, morphemes and words for meaning
  • using conventions of the written language, for example, punctuation, capitalisation, diacritics, digraphs, to support links with the spoken language
  • identifying morphemes, words and phrases in speech and matching these with their written forms
  • paying attention to consistency in the spelling of the language, with direct reference to the sound system of the language
  • noticing variations in pronunciation of the same word by different speakers and discussing whether this can be reflected in the spelling of the word
  • recognising that in some cases the original sound/parts of the sound of some words in the language may be unknown, considering possible reasons for this
  • understanding that other languages may suggest historical pronunciations for the language
  • learning that very similar languages may have different spelling systems, and how this may mask similarities of their sound systems
  • recognising which speech sounds are not typical for the language, and which sounds are very common, identifying where these can occur in words
  • using knowledge of sound–symbol correspondences to read familiar and new words out aloud from their written forms
  • noticing the various roles of the speech organs in the production of sounds in the language, and comparing these with English and other known languages

  VCLVU163 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC130

  Translate and interpret words and expressions in simple Vietnamese and English texts, noticing similarities and differences or non-equivalence of words and expressions

  Elaborations

  • identifying words and expressions in Vietnamese and English that do not readily translate, for example, phở, bánh chưng, áo dài, ‘bushwalking’, ‘the outback’
  • examining texts, including digital and multimodal texts, to identify how the meaning of words changes according to context, for example, a common Vietnamese homonym such as đá, which may mean ‘to kick’, ‘stone’ or ‘ice’ (as in trà đá); or the personal pronouns ‘I’ and ‘you’ in English, which can be translated as ông, bà, cô, chú, anh, chị, em, con or cháu in Vietnamese
  • noticing the diverse ways in which meaning is conveyed in Vietnamese and English, and differentiating between word-by-word translation and intended meaning, for example, Chúc (ông bà) sống lâu trăm tuổi (‘I wish you long life’) and Chúc cháu bé ngoan ăn, chóng lớn (‘I hope the baby eats well and grows fast’)
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts from Vietnamese into English, for example, street signs, addresses and food labels, noting that some signs or symbols are universal, for example, the ‘Stop’ and ‘Peace’ signs, and the wi-fi and Olympic symbols

  VCVIC130 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC057

  Reflect on the cultural significance of how different groups and members of groups name themselves and are represented by others

  Elaborations

  • comparing Chinese and western cultural symbols, for example, the symbol of the dragon, 龙 across western and Chinese cultures
  • sharing information about their own membership of diverse groups and exploring how this is expressed in Chinese, for example, 每年春节小明的妈妈都会包饺子。安娜的妈妈每年圣诞节都烤火鸡
  • exploring the role of language in the formation and expression of identity, for example: Why does my classmate go to Chinese school on Saturday? Why do I speak Chinese to my teacher but feel strange speaking it to my classmates?
  • analysing expressions of identity encountered in Chinese texts and interactions, and comparing these with their own assumptions about Chinese people and with their own expressions of identity, for example, 龙的传人 (descendant of dragon)
  • identifying the differences of meaning of multiple terms use to convey a similar concept, for example, comparing representations of foreigners in 外国人有一些不同的习俗 to 老外都很奇怪
  • reflecting on their own cultural values and norms, comparing them to those of Chinese speakers, and asking, for example: Which of my own values are non-negotiable, and which Chinese values do I feel I should validate and support?

  VCZHC057 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCADAE033

  Use safe dance practice, elements of dance, body actions and improvisations to explore ways of making literal movements into abstract movements

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with realistic, everyday movements, for example, exaggerating the movement of a single body part such as the arm in eating spaghetti and blurring this into abstract movements
  • analysing dances from a range of times and locations, considering how a single realistic movement can be manipulated from representational to symbolic
  • asking questions about ideas from other choreographer’s work as a starting point for creating new work, for example, the choreographer’s intention for the dance, or ideas that students think the dance expressed
  • using the elements of dance to develop new movements that still maintain the essence of the original movement

  VCADAE033 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAE034

  Develop their choreographic intent by applying the elements of dance to select and organise movement

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different elements of dance to explore ideas and develop a choreographic intention for example, translating rhythms and notations of spatial patterns into movement
  • improvising and then selecting movement to best communicate a choreographic intention, for example, a mood or emotion
  • exploring movements that may have symbolic meaning in a social or cultural context, for example, communicate a specific idea by developing a recurring movement idea or motif
  • using questions to analyse how choreographers select and organise movement to communicate choreographic intent, for example, the cultural context in which the dance was developed or viewed, and its significance, or the stylistic differences in street dance performances from different countries or regions across Asia, Europe and the USA

  VCADAE034 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAR020

  Respond to dance, expressing what they enjoy and why

  Elaborations

  • thinking about constructive feedback when revising their dance ideas
  • describing in words, symbols and/or images, the movements and phrases they create or how they have expressed a feeling by moving in particular ways
  • identifying movements such as jumps, turns, walking, sliding, twisting when viewing dance, for example, their peers, dancers in a live performance, dancers on film
  • using questions to evaluate dance they experience, as a dancer, and as an audience, what sort of movements did the dancers perform in the dances at a local festival, what were they wearing, what kind of music were they dancing to?

  VCADAR020 | The Arts | Dance | Foundation Level | Respond and Interpret

• VCADRE040

  Improvise with the elements of drama and narrative structure to develop ideas, and explore subtext to shape devised and scripted drama

  Elaborations

  • communicating meaning through realistic and non-realistic performance styles and dramatic forms by manipulating the elements of drama
  • establishing aspects of the dramatic action as symbolic, such as a suitcase being a person’s memories, a light symbolising hope
  • exploring the implied or underlying aspects of character and dramatic action
  • using questions to frame devising process, for example, What personal meaning is intended? What political statement is this work making? How have you used critical theories about drama to make your own drama? What emotion was most strongly felt as you viewed the drama?

  VCADRE040 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADRE041

  Manipulate combinations of the elements of drama to develop and convey the physical and psychological aspects of roles and characters consistent with intentions in dramatic forms and performance styles

  Elaborations

  • analyse and create performance highlighting subtext, dramatic tension, atmosphere and mood based on the story, setting, dialogue and stage directions
  • apply the conventions of character in particular forms and performance styles, using research to develop understanding of the conventions and refining use of relevant techniques
  • using questions to build an understanding of ways context can influence creative choices, for example, how does the drama relate to the social context in which it was created? What culturally symbolic movements are evident in this drama? What historical influences might be evident in contemporary drama created by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples? How are global trends in drama influencing Australian drama?

  VCADRE041 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 9 and 10 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCAMAE034

  Develop media representations to show familiar or shared social and cultural values and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • investigating different viewpoints and making decisions about how they will represent a theme, concept or idea, considering media conventions and genres
  • manipulating combinations of technical and symbolic elements such as composition, time, space, sound, movement, lighting, to represent ideas and feelings in their media artworks
  • discussing and documenting their choices of representation to strengthen meaning in their media artworks
  • discussing the different intentions of media artists and the influence of media artworks on different audiences, for example, how ideological or political perspectives are used to engage particular audience
  • exploring media artworks that provide different ideas and concepts based on viewpoints and institutional practice, for example, the depiction of cultural groups and social values in Australian film and television

  VCAMAE034 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Represent Ideas

• VCAMAM036

  Plan, structure and design media artworks for a range of purposes that engage audiences using media elements, technologies and production processes

  Elaborations

  • selecting footage captured on a camera, editing the footage into a sequence and applying a soundtrack that matches the edited sequence’s pace, rhythm and style
  • manipulating sound and camera angles to create mood and setting
  • manipulating and evaluating the use of media elements to create genres, for example, creating mood and setting through images, and sound and framing
  • applying image manipulation software to manipulate contrast, correct colour and add filters or text to an image, to enhance the mood or strengthen a point of view
  • documenting the use of technical and symbolic elements in media artworks providing specific examples that demonstrate an awareness of responsible media practices

  VCAMAM036 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Media Arts Practices

• VCDSCD039

  Generate, develop, communicate and document design ideas and processes for audiences using appropriate technical terms and graphical representation techniques

  Elaborations

  • generating a range of design ideas for products, services or environments using prior knowledge, skills and research
  • developing alternative design ideas and considering implications for the future to broaden the appeal and acceptance of design ideas
  • analysing and modifying design ideas to enhance and improve the sustainability of a product, service, environment or system
  • representing and communicating design ideas using modelling and drawing standards including the use of digital technologies, for example scale; symbols and codes in diagrams; pictorial maps and aerial views using web mapping service applications
  • experimenting with materials, tools and equipment to refine design ideas, for example considering the selection of materials and joining techniques to suit the purpose of a product

  VCDSCD039 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Generating

• VCELC161

  Translate texts from Greek to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in Greek

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries (traditional, online or electronic) and other translation tools found online, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCELC161 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating