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• VCJAC191

  Reflect on cultural differences between Japanese- and English-language communication styles and on how these affect intercultural interactions

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on elements of the experience of learning Japanese that have involved adopting styles of communication that have been challenging, easy or memorable
  • sharing with peers examples of successful interactions with other Japanese speakers, for example, when gestures or communication styles have been well received and clearly understood and have strengthened the relationship
  • creating a reflective self-profile or autobiography in formats such as journal entries, articles, captioned photo stories, digital accounts or short films, including episodes related to the experience of learning Japanese language and culture that have impacted on their understanding, attitudes, or sense of identity
  • composing a ‘cultural ID profile’, blog or digital diary to exchange with other Japanese speakers, making decisions about what points of information should be included

  VCJAC191 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAC166

  Access, summarise and reorganise information obtained from a range of texts on a variety of topics, and present it in different formats

  Elaborations

  • gathering, classifying and summarising information from class surveys, realia, notices, timetables and announcements, and presenting findings in formats such as digital presentations, posters, wall charts or oral summaries
  • identifying key details, expressions and information in authentic or modified texts, for example, signs, weather reports, print advertisements, menus, packaging, brochures or websites, and using the information to create their own texts for specific purposes and audiences
  • listening for key points of information and cultural references in short spoken or recorded texts such as phone messages, announcements or weather reports, and transposing them to note form for their own reference or to communicate to others
  • collating information from sources such as magazine articles, recorded interviews or website postings about high-profile individuals or events to edit and represent in timelines or profiles on a shared database
  • drawing on content, language, images and presentation formats from a range of Japanese media resources to design posters or leaflets on topics such as environmental sustainability or youth-related issues

  VCJAC166 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAU177

  Understand how and why different scripts are used in different types of texts, such as announcements, tickets, advertisements, public signs or manga

  Elaborations

  • recognising key features and structures of familiar texts in Japanese, such as lost child announcements, spoken commercials or print advertisements, for example, by identifying formulaic expressions, and comparing with expressions in similar texts in English
  • recognising the format of different Japanese texts and punctuation conventions in either たてがき or よこがき, and understanding how this varies according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • comparing and contrasting the structures of a variety of authentic community texts in Japanese and English, exploring how the audience, purpose and context influence each language version

  VCJAU177 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC025

  Respond to imaginative texts such as stories, films or illustrations, explaining messages and key ideas, stating views on themes, events and values, and making connections with own experiences

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing imaginative texts in various modes, such as stories (print, digital or multimodal), films, paintings, songs or video clips, and responding by expressing views, 제 생각에는 …, –(으)ㄴ/는 것 같아요
  • identifying key ideas, messages, main events and characters and creating a new scene, story development or video clip using parody
  • exchanging views on imaginative texts such as songs, stories, television programs and films, making connections with own experiences
  • reading stories such as Korean folktales, discussing associated ideas and values (for example, attitudes towards greed, jealousy or loyalty), considering how these relate to contemporary society and own cultural experience, for example, 소가 된 게으름뱅이

  VCKOC025 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCKOC160

  Translate simple texts identifying words and expressions that may not readily correspond across languages, and expanding descriptions or giving examples where necessary to clarify meaning

  Elaborations

  • creating Korean versions of Australian school signs and notices, considering why some words or expressions require freer translation than others, for example, the sports oval, the tuckshop, the office
  • identifying words in Korean and English that cannot be readily translated, clarifying meanings for such words by providing examples, explanations or extra information, for example, 벼 (‘rice as a crop’), 쌀(‘rice as raw grains’), 밥 (‘cooked rice/meals’)
  • interpreting Korean expressions in familiar texts such as greeting cards or story titles that do not translate easily into English, for example, 생신 축하합니다, considering how these expressions reflect aspects of Korean language or culture

  VCKOC160 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOU037

  Understand the symbolic nature and power of language in local and global contexts

  Elaborations

  • understanding the nature of language that reflects and may effect changes in peoples’ way of thinking and in aspects of society, finding examples from Korean, English and other known languages (for example, discouraging the use of language that implies social discrimination or replacing it with alternatives or newly created vocabulary
  • identifying the function and power of cultural expressions such as stories, symbols, icons and anthems, for example, 단군신화, 애국가, 아리랑, 태극기, the Dreamtime, Aboriginal and Australian flags
  • exploring and discussing how and why new products and practices from other cultures are adopted, typically with terminology in the language/s associated
  • collecting and discussing examples of language impacting on society and culture, drawing on other learning areas such as history, social studies and the arts

  VCKOU037 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU035

  Explore how Korean is used in varying ways for different purposes and audiences in different social and cultural contexts and situations by comparing different registers and styles used in texts in different modes

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in language use in different social and cultural contexts and relating them to differences in the roles and relationships of participants in the interaction, for example, noticing the use of 반말 (안녕히 가세요 versus 잘 가)
  • examining variations in language used in face-to-face and written and digital communication, particularly noticing colloquial language and how it differs from standard forms, for example, more frequent use of contractions, acronyms, omission of case markers/particles and informal style
  • identifying levels of formality or register of language used in texts and explaining reasons for this, for example, the use of formal language when communicating with people in authority to show respect, the use of informal language in commercials to create a sense of familiarity

  VCKOU035 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU036

  Explore and reflect on the nature of language change in response to changing cultural and social conditions

  Elaborations

  • understanding how Hangeul was created in response to the need for a writing system that would reflect the sound system of spoken Korean in 15th-century Korea; reflecting on how its creation has impacted on the Korean language and culture and people’s lives up until now, discussing the role of script in aspects of culture in everyday life
  • discussing possible reasons for changes in Korean language use, such as exposure to other languages, changing contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • exploring how globalisation has accelerated the use of English words and expressions in Korean language use, discussing advantages and disadvantages in the blending of languages
  • examining how acronyms or short forms of words are used in Korean and in English, discussing how these forms reflect people’s changing lifestyles

  VCKOU036 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU186

  Examine grammatical structures and features and vocabulary in a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts in spoken and written modes, noticing how these contribute to textual cohesion, and compose short texts for different purposes considering cultural aspects involved

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with language appropriate to particular text types in audio-visual, print or digital/online media, such as descriptive language in documentaries, reflective language in diaries and journal entries, and persuasive language in advertisements
  • creating short texts, developing ideas coherently and using basic cohesive devices such as:
    • consistent use of the informal polite sentence ender –어/아요 throughout text consisting of multiple sentences
    • agreement of honorific elements such as honorific particles, words and suffixes in a sentence and throughout the text
    • basic conjunctive adverbs (for example, 그리고, 그러나, 그런데, 그렇지만, 그러면) and suffixes (clausal connectives) (for example, –고, –어/아서, –지만, –(으)면)
  • analysing forms, features and purposes of texts, such as how texts are organised in terms of layout, sequencing of ideas, headings and stylistic devices

  VCKOU186 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVC134

  Give factual information using simple statements, gestures and captions

  Elaborations

  • using some location terms to talk about the Country/Place for example, up, down, near, far and using topographical words such as swamp, soakage, reef
  • presenting information about elements associated with Country/Place, for example, animals, plants, food, artefacts, using modelled sentences, matching captions to pictures and filling-in-gaps activities
  • contributing to a shared recount about an event such as sports day, an excursion, a class visit from a respected community member, a visiting performance group from the Country/Place, a community celebration, for example, by making a Big Book, creating a display, digital presentation or class photo story
  • labelling aspects of daily routines, selecting captions or attaching word bubbles and sharing information with others
  • developing a pictorial story to describe activities and routines at home, at school, in the community

  VCLVC134 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VC2M4A01

  find unknown values in numerical equations involving addition and subtraction, using the properties of numbers and operations

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating the commutative properties of addition using materials, diagrams and number lines; for example, using number lines to demonstrate that 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, and demonstrating that 2 + 2 + 3 = 7 and 2 + 3 + 2 = 7 and 3 + 2 + 2 = 7
  • using balance scales and informal uniform units to create addition or subtraction number sentences showing equivalence, such as 7 + 8 = 6 + 9, and to find unknowns in equivalent number sentences, such as 6 + 8 = □ + 10
  • using relational thinking and knowledge of equivalent number sentences to explain whether equations involving addition or subtraction are true; for example, explaining that 27 − 14 = 17 − 4 is true and using a number line to show the common difference is 13

  VC2M4A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Algebra

• VC2M5M04

  estimate, construct and measure angles in degrees, using appropriate tools, including a protractor, and relate these measures to angle names

  Elaborations

  • using a protractor to measure angles in degrees and classifying these angles using angle names; for example, an acute angle is less than 90°, an obtuse angle is more than 90° and less than 180°, a right angle is equal to 90° and a reflex angle is more than 180° and less than 360°
  • estimating the size of angles in the environment using a clinometer and describing the angles using angle names
  • using a ruler and protractor to construct triangles, given the angle measures and side lengths
  • using a protractor to measure angles when creating a pattern or string design within a circle
  • recognising the size of angles within shapes that do and do not tessellate, measuring the angles and using the sum of angles to explain why some shapes will tessellate and other shapes do not

  VC2M5M04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Measurement

• VC2M2SP01

  recognise, compare and classify shapes, referencing the number of sides and using spatial terms such as ‘opposite’, ‘parallel’, ‘curved’ and ‘straight’

  Elaborations

  • sorting a collection of shapes in different ways based on their features, such as number of sides, whether all sides are equal and whether pairs of opposite sides are parallel; for example, sorting collections of triangles and other polygons
  • manipulating shapes and recognising that different orientations do not change the shape; for example, cutting out pictures of various shapes and recognising that they are still classified as the same shape even if they are upside down or on their side
  • investigating the shapes of different sporting fields, describing and labelling their features, including sidelines, centre circles and goal squares; for example, labelling the lines on a basketball court and using spatial terms to describe them
  • creating regular shapes using digital tools, describing and observing what happens when you manipulate them; for example, dragging or pushing vertices to produce irregular shapes, or moving or rotating a shape

  VC2M2SP01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Space

• VC2M1SP02

  give and follow directions to move people and objects to different locations within a space

  Elaborations

  • interpreting and following directions around familiar locations, and understanding the meaning and importance of the words when giving directions; for example, using words like ‘forwards’ and ‘backwards’, ‘straight ahead’, ‘left’ or ‘right’ to describe movement and giving instructions like ‘Keep going straight until you reach the end of this passage and then turn to your right’
  • creating and following an algorithm consisting of a set of instructions to move an object to a different location; for example, role-playing being a robot and following step-by-step instructions given by another classmate to move from one place to another, only moving as instructed
  • following directions to move people into different positions within a line using both ordinal and positional language to describe their position; for example, directly comparing heights and following directions using ordinal and positional language to line up in height order
  • describing a familiar journey across Country/Place using directional language

  VC2M1SP02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Space

• VC2M2SP02

  locate positions in two-dimensional representations of a familiar space; move positions by following directions and pathways

  Elaborations

  • interpreting maps of familiar places and identifying the position of key features
  • understanding that we use maps to receive and give directions and to describe place and spatial relationships between places
  • using a classroom seating plan to locate a new seating position and giving directions to other classmates to find their seats
  • following and creating movement instructions that need to be carried out to move through a 4 × 4 grid mat on the classroom floor or on a computer screen, for example, one forward, 2 to the right and one backwards and so on to reach a target square; or using a robotic toy to follow a path on a street scene on a floor mat, adjusting their instructions to the robot toy as they consider the order of their instructions, the direction and how far they want the toy to travel
  • moving around a two-dimensional maze using directional language to describe turns and changes in direction, including saying, for example, ‘clockwise’, ‘anticlockwise’, ‘quarter turn to the left’ and ‘take the path to the right’

  VC2M2SP02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 2 | Space

• VC2M4ST03

  conduct statistical investigations, collecting data through survey responses and other methods; record and display data using digital tools; interpret the data and communicate the results

  Elaborations

  • creating a survey to collect class responses to a preferred movie choice, and recording data responses using spreadsheets; graphing data using a column graph or other appropriate representations; and interpreting the results of the survey and reporting findings back to the class
  • conducting a statistical investigation and acquiring data from different online sources; for example, using online query interfaces to select and retrieve data from an online database such as weather records, data frequency mapping software such as Google Trends, or the World Health Organization
  • investigating different contexts in which statistical investigations can take place and the types of questions to ask to collect data relevant to the context; for example, investigating supermarket customer complaints that breakfast cereals with the most sugar are positioned at children’s eye level, discussing what questions they would need to ask and answer

  VC2M4ST03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Statistics

• VCNRC073

  Adapt and present information, ideas and opinions on a range of issues in a variety of text types and modes selected to suit audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • presenting texts on a range of topics to inform others, for example, a weather report, a magazine article about an event, a travel brochure promoting a local region or product
  • designing texts such as an advertisement or magazine cover for a particular audience, explaining cultural references and using techniques and effects such as images, music and colour
  • conveying own ideas and information in a range of texts for different audiences, using examples of media texts such as television reports, video clips or social media
  • presenting ideas and information selected from samples of spoken, written and digital texts which convey cultural as well as content information, for example, newspaper headlines, advertisements, notices in public places or graffiti
  • creating informative texts for a range of audiences, such as posters, brochures and web pages promoting new music releases, a favourite holiday destination, a healthy lifestyle

  VCNRC073 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCNRC074

  Interpret and discuss different imaginative texts, expressing and justifying opinions on aspects such as themes, mood, emotions and language choices

  Elaborations

  • interpreting images and language choices to convey cultural concepts and ideas in songs, films and performances
  • reading, viewing and listening to imaginative texts in a variety of modes to explore and discuss the representation of aspects of society and culture of countries where the language is spoken, for example, current social themes such as youth issues, identity
  • discussing how imaginative texts such as films, plays and songs portray social issues in everyday life such as relationships, generation gap
  • responding to texts to explain how mood is created and narrative developed through language and expression, language choice, use of metaphors, humour, suspense, surprise
  • analysing imaginative texts, to discuss how language, culture and literary devices are used to portray characters, places or events in order to evoke humorous or emotional responses
  • comparing lyrics, themes and popular styles with English language songs, explaining similarities and differences in language use, cultural aspects and modes of expression

  VCNRC074 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC039

  Convey and present information about aspects of personal world, through prepared texts such as diagrams, dialogues and timelines

  Elaborations

  • constructing a visual, digital or narrative profile of the local community for people arriving from overseas, collecting information from public and community texts, such as fliers, newsletters, advertisements and brochures
  • preparing and giving simple oral presentations on personal world, for example, a timeline of growth and change, family celebrations and other special occasions
  • presenting the results of a class survey about aspects of personal world such as daily routines, for example, by creating a poster or digital presentation using diagrams, charts or timelines
  • conveying information to others using descriptive language, for example, producing a simple brochure or an advertisement about a city or tourist attraction in a country where the language is spoken
  • preparing a dialogue with a partner about self
  • using graphic organisers to convey information in particular ways, for example, to show priorities (list/table), to compare statistics or ideas (Venn diagram), or to highlight frequency (graphs)
  • reporting information based on own or group research, and supporting the information with photos, illustrations, captions or diagrams

  VCNRC039 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCRAC045

  Share experiences of learning and using the language, and comment on aspects of the culture(s) studied that have been accepted or rejected and how this has impacted on the students' own identity

  Elaborations

  • monitoring own development as a learner of the language, for example, recording learning and reflections in blogs, learning log or journal
  • comparing peers experiences of learning the language, and considering any impacts, for example, noting own reactions when others such as teachers or extended family ask about learning the language
  • creating texts that express their own identity, including their identity as a learner of the language (for example, personal emblem/motto, poster, profile, photo journal, or caricature/self-portrait), and reflecting on how these may be understood from another perspective
  • considering how own upbringing and experiences impact on their assumptions in intercultural interactions (for example, notions of leisure and free time, pocket money, living in house with backyard ), and whether these assumptions have changed in the process of learning the language

  VCRAC045 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting