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• VCEALA117

  Understand that the purpose of a text is reflected in its form

  Elaborations

  • identifying texts as factual or fictional, and comparing features such as content, layout, images
  • suggesting the purpose and audience of a range of common text types, such as picture book, supermarket catalogue, website, timetable
  • answering simple questions about the text, such as ‘Would this text be more useful for a parent or a child?’

  VCEALA117 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA573

  Identify the basic purposes and audiences of different print and digital news media texts

  Elaborations

  • categorising texts as fiction and non-fiction
  • suggesting the purpose and audience of a range of common news media texts, such as websites, news reports, opinion columns, persuasive letters
  • recognising the function of features of an instructional text, such as a title, illustrations, imperative verbs

  VCEALA573 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALL042

  Recognise and explore different types of texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying and engaging with print and visual texts
  • exploring a small range of simple text types such as recounts, narratives, information reports
  • navigating different types of texts, for example turning the pages of a book, clicking links on a website, finding points of interest on a map

  VCEALL042 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL795

  Use a wide range of punctuation marks to add impact to writing

  Elaborations

  • producing texts in a range of digital formats, such as text documents, slides, infographics, simple websites, videos
  • using advanced writing and formatting functions in software applications, such as spellchecker, font styles, paragraph formatting
  • using software application functions to add, format and edit images and tables, with guidance

  VCEALL795 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL796

  Use a range of digital formats and images to enhance meaning and impact

  Elaborations

  • producing texts in a range of digital formats, such as text documents, slides, infographics, simple websites, videos
  • using advanced writing and formatting functions in software applications, such as spellchecker, font styles, paragraph formatting
  • using modal verbs, including with complex tenses, such as ‘They should not have to go’, ‘This needs to be considered’

  VCEALL796 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELY188

  Describe some differences between imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, and identify the audience of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing and discussing texts, identifying some features that distinguish those that ‘tell stories’ from those that ‘give opinions’
  • selecting texts for a particular purpose or task, for example a website that will give information about whales, a book that will tell a story about a possum

  VCELY188 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCZHC100

  Locate and organise information on topics of interest from a range of written sources to develop a position, and convey this position to a familiar audience in a range of texts

  Elaborations

  • reading tourist brochures and websites detailing lifestyles in diverse locations in the Sinophone world, identifying features of local lifestyles that reflect modernity or tradition, and evaluating the information for relevance, appropriateness and significance
  • developing an information kit, supported by visuals, about their local city or region to provide to Chinese visitors via a local tourism website, including details on history, climate, environment, and cultural activities
  • composing short texts to report on topics of interest (for example, 中国的茶-澳洲咖啡 ), providing a range of alternative views on the subject, for example, 有人说…也有人说…他们都不知道...所以…

  VCZHC100 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• Indonesian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students interact with peers and adults using written and spoken Indonesian to communicate about personal interests and relationships, practices and experiences, and about broader issues such as health and the environment, including as these relate to Indonesia. They respond...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Languages | Italian: Learning in Italian

  Italian language learning

  Italian belongs to the Romance family of languages and is closely connected to its ‘sibling’ languages of Spanish, Portuguese and French. It also has many commonalities and connections with English, sharing many Latin-derived words and using the same Roman...

  Overview material | Italian

• Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages: Learning in Victorian Aboriginal Languages

  Victorian Aboriginal Languages

  Languages can be identified differently, depending on if one is taking a community or linguistic perspective. The two views are complementary, allowing understanding of different aspects of language.

  From a community perspective, a language is identified with a...

  Overview material | Victorian Aboriginal Languages

• VCDEC171

  Initiate and participate in sustained interactions, using formal and informal registers, to seek and give advice, to describe past events, future aspirations and social issues, and to express and justify opinions

  Elaborations

  • initiating and sustaining conversation by introducing topics, inviting contributions, asking for clarification or confirmation, and expressing agreement or surprise, for example, Was sagt ihr dazu?; Ich bin damit einverstanden; Ist das dein Ernst?; Wie meinen Sie das?
  • sharing personal information and views with peers and adults about family and friends, school and leisure activities, for example, Was machst du gern in deiner Freizeit? Wie finden Sie australischen Fußball? Als Sie jünger waren, haben Sie … ?
  • discussing future plans such as career, family, further education and travel, for example, Ich werde sicher die 12. Klasse zu Ende machen und dann werde ich hoffentlich Zahnmedizin studieren. Es kommt aber auf meine Noten an.
  • asking for advice on issues related to family, friends or school and suggesting possible solutions to others’ problems, for example, Du solltest mit deinem Freund sprechen, weil ... Was würdest du an meiner Stelle machen?
  • exchanging information and opinions with peers about a range of social and cultural issues, for example, blogging about die Schule der Zukunft or the causes and effects of Jugendarbeitslosigkeit, and giving reasons for opinions

  VCDEC171 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0: Learning in Mathematics Version 2.0

  Learning in Mathematics emphasises the importance of providing opportunities for students to develop proficiency in mathematics. This development of proficiency is achieved in how content is explored or developed, that is, how students experience the thinking and doing of mathematics.

  Proficiency...

  Overview material | Mathematics Version 2.0

• VCDEC023

  Respond to a range of contemporary and traditional imaginative texts (including excerpts) by summarising, reorganising, expressing reactions and opinions, or modifying aspects

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing digital and other texts such as songs, stories, television programs and films with subtitles, and responding by expressing views or by modifying key aspects, for example, creating a new scene, continuing the story, re-creating a video clip using parody, role-playing an interview with a character, or retelling or performing the text from the perspective of one of the minor characters
  • comparing contemporary German and Australian music by reading music blogs or online magazines, viewing video clips and listening to music stations, and identifying similarities and differences in expression, themes and styles of performance
  • writing a review of a film, television episode or performance for an entertainment guide
  • comparing Australian and German examples of a particular television genre for cultural and stylistic similarities and differences, such as the German and Australian versions of Top Gear, The X Factor/Deutschland sucht den Superstar or Home and Away/Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten’

  VCDEC023 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU135

  Understand that languages change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in English that are derived from Greek and words in Greek that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language used by the Ancient Greeks has developed into the Modern Greek language and that the Greek language has influenced many languages including English
  • understanding that there is the standard language called ‘Modern Greek’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Greece and the Greek diaspora
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own (for example, Ancient Greek has influenced and still influences many languages of the world)
  • viewing inscriptions on Ancient Greek tombstones (for example, from Vergina), coins (for example, from from Alexander the Great or King Philip’s reign) and vases (for example, from the Hellenistic era)
  • recognising that some words in Greek are borrowed from other languages, for example, πάρτυ, χόμπυ, μπάσκετ, κομπιούτερ
  • examining the etymology of everyday words in English which are derived from Greek morphemes/words or from Greek myths (for example, aeroplane, Ajax, history, mathematics, Nike, school, story) and discussing the extent to which this has occurred

  VCELU135 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU086

  Analyse how different types of text incorporate cultural and contextual elements

  Elaborations

  • analysing how writers of community texts such as advertisements, radio requests or online trading posts make decisions in relation to language, style and register in order to achieve their purpose and suit the context, (for example by using personal pronouns, engaging language and images, or by creating problems/offering solutions (Un…deux, un…deux, on rit, on s’esclaffe, on glousse! Pour être au top lors de l’arrivée des beaux jours!)
  • understanding the dynamic relationship between different modes of communication in different cultural contexts, (for example, hybrid texts such as emails or text messages that combine features of spoken and written texts, or formal lectures or news reports that resemble spoken versions of written texts)
  • analysing cultural differences in genres such as cover letters for job applications or letters of complaint, noting protocols and conventions (for example, stating the purpose of a formal letter at the beginning: le recyclage proposé dans notre ville..)
  • collecting, interpreting and using textual conventions popular with young French speakers, for example, contractions, abbreviations and acronyms used in text messaging (bjr = bonjour; A+ = à plus; biz = bisous; 12C4 = un de ces quatre)

  VCFRU086 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU012

  Recognise the relationship between the sounds and patterns of pronunciation and elements of the Devanagari script, including the representation of long and short vowels, consonants and conjuncts

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing the sounds and letters of spoken and written Hindi
  • building phonic awareness by recognising and experimenting with sounds and focusing on those that are new and initially difficult, such as त, थ, ग, घ, ट, द, ध।
  • learning how the Hindi sound system is conventionally represented in the Devanagari system by the use of 13 letters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 33 consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़)
  • developing pronunciation skills by singing, reciting, reproducing and mimicking alphabetic elements in context
  • understanding how vowels are pronounced without any obstruction of air coming out of the mouth and consonants are pronounced with obstruction of air by different parts of the mouth
  • recognising that a line on the top of written letters joins them to make words and establishes spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।
  • practising the writing of Devangari letters ‘hanging’ from a line, noticing the difference between this and English, where letters are written above the line क ख ग - a, b, c
  • recognising the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, and distinguishing long and short vowel sounds, such as ि, ी
  • identifying and practising pronunciation of vowel sounds with consonants, for example, कइ/कि, कई/की
  • understanding the formation of conjunct consonants such as क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ

  VCHIU012 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2MFN05

  represent practical situations, including simple financial situations, involving addition, subtraction and quantification with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies

  Elaborations

  • using role-play and materials to represent mathematical relationships in stories; for example, role-playing ‘Eight kangaroos were drinking at the river and 3 hopped away’, drawing a picture and using materials to represent the situation, discussing, and recording the result of the action with a numeral
  • role-playing or actively engaging in situations that involve quantifying or comparing collections of items or simple money transactions; for example, engaging with the question ‘Do we have enough scissors for our group so that each person has their own pair?’, or role-playing using $1 coins to pay for items in a shop where items are priced in whole dollars
  • representing situations expressed in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander stories, such as ‘Tiddalick, the greedy frog’, that describe additive situations and their connections to Country/Place
  • representing addition and subtraction situations found in leaf games involving sets of objects used to tell stories, such as games from the Warlpiri Peoples of Yuendumu in the Northern Territory

  VC2MFN05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Foundation Level | Number

• VC2M8P02

  determine all possible outcome combinations for 2 events, using two-way tables, tree diagrams and Venn diagrams, and use these to determine probabilities of specific events in practical situations

  Elaborations

  • describing events using language of ‘at least’, exclusive ‘or’ (A or B but not both), inclusive ‘or’ (A or B or both) and ‘and’
  • using the relation Pr(A and B) + Pr(A and not B) + Pr(not A and B) + Pr(not A and not B) = 1 to calculate probabilities, including the special case of mutually exclusive events where Pr(A and B) = 0
  • using Venn diagrams or two-way tables to demonstrate the difference between events that are mutually exclusive, such as whether a coin toss will land on a head or a tail, and those that are not mutually exclusive, such as people who have blonde hair and people who have blue eyes
  • exploring Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children’s instructive games, for example, Battendi from the Ngarrindjeri Peoples of Lake Murray and Lake Albert in southern Australia, applying possible combinations and relationships and calculating probabilities using two-way tables and Venn diagrams

  VC2M8P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Probability

• VCTRC002

  Participate in guided activities such as songs, games, tasks and transactions, using movement, gestures, pictures and concrete materials to support meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • participating in activities that involve taking turns, making choices or swapping items, such as games used to reinforce number and memory skills, for example, Jale sıra sende. Şimdi benim sıram. Bu benim. Bu senin. Bu Deniz’in. Kaç top var?
  • participating in songs, poems and chants, such as counting or rhyming games, singing and performing actions, for example, Mini mini bir kuş donmuştu, Çan çan çikolata, Sağ elimde beş parmak, Kutu kutu pense, El ele verin çocuklar
  • participating in tasks that involve exchanging objects and classifying attributes such as shapes, colours and numbers, using simple question forms and affirmative/negative responses, for example, Ben kırmızı karelerle çatı yapacağım. Yeşil dairelerle ağaç yapalım. Ben sarı üçgenleri istemiyorum. Sende pembe dikdörtgen var mı? Hayır, yok. Mavi var
  • creating and describing pictures or crafted items, for example, Pamuktan kardan adam yapalım. Düğmelerden göz yapalım. Burnuna turuncu çubuk koyalım.
  • following instructions by moving around or by locating or moving objects in the classroom, for example, Kurşun kalemi masanın üstüne koy. Pencerenin yanındaki sandalyeye otur. Resmi arkadaki duvara as.

  VCTRC002 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC117

  Create bilingual texts such as glossaries, footnotes or captions to interpret cultural aspects of texts

  Elaborations

  • providing bilingual captions for images of French or Australian scenes to explain cultural references, for example, bush, beach or city images
  • creating websites or printed guides for intending international students to French or Australian schools, highlighting key terms and expressions associated with traditions, curricula, schedules or routines
  • providing vocabulary lists and annotated cultural explanations for French-speaking visitors to events such as Australian sports days, swimming carnivals or family barbecues, explaining elements such as abbreviated language or team barracking
  • creating a shared website with a group of French-speaking students, and posting news items, comments and questions in both French and English
  • creating parallel bilingual captions for a display or exhibition, and comparing how meanings are conveyed in each language

  VCFRC117 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating