Latin / Levels 9 and 10 / Understanding / Systems of language
Content description
Understand concepts of accidence and syntax used in complex Latin sentences, including subordinate clauses, non-finite verb forms, pronoun forms, mood, voice, and conventions of complex sentence structure
Elaborations
identifying the endings of fourth and fifth declension nouns, for example, exercitus, cornua; dies, fides
acknowledging that nouns may have unexpected genders, for example, first declension agricola (m), second declension pirus (f)
recognising relative, emphatic and indefinite pronouns, for example, qui, quae, quod; ipse; quisquis; quidam
recognising reflexive pronouns and adjectives, for example, se; suus
analysing case usage of nouns in all five declensions, for example, partitive genitive quid novi?
identifying and understanding the use of the locative case, for example, Romae, Pompeiis
identifying and understanding words used in apposition in all cases, for example, Venus, dea, estpulchra
explaining case usage of pronouns, for example, personal ego, tu, nos, vos; demonstrative hic, ille; interrogative quis, quis, quid; relative qui, quae, quod; emphatic ipse, ipsa, ipsum; reflexive me, te, nos, vos, se
distinguishing the use of different moods
extending identification of indicative endings of regular and irregular verbs to different tenses
understanding the concept of the principal parts for verbs in all conjugations, for example, voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum; sum, esse, fui
identifying and understanding the use of infinitives for all four conjugations and irregular verbs, for example, a prolative infinitive with amat, such as natareamat
recognising impersonal expressions, for example, mihi difficile estdormire
understanding the use of present, future and perfect participles, for example, clamans, moriturus, vocatus
recognising passive voice forms and the forms of deponent verbs and distinguishing their meanings, for example, laudataest – she has been praised; collapsaest – she collapsed
distinguishing in complex sentences between principal and subordinate clauses, for example, relative, causal, temporal, concessive, conditional, such as si/nisi with the indicative
recognising comparison of adjectives and adverbs, regular and irregular, for example, stulta, stultior, stultissima; malus, peior, pessimus
recognising quam + superlative, for example, quamcelerrime
understanding conventions of the use of numbers to express distance, capacity, time and price, for example, duo miliapassuum, quinquagintadenariis
understanding the conventions of the Roman calendar, for example, a.d.XIV Kal Jul
recognising creative variations in Latin word order, for example, delay of a key word or clause to create suspense, ordering of clauses to increase impact, bracketing/nesting, juxtaposition
