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• VCEALL124

  Understand and use the basic features of different texts

  Elaborations

  • using language, layout or topic to identify the difference between factual and fictional texts
  • using texts purposefully, for example following simple procedures, locating specific information in a known text, using a simple contents page or index
  • following simple instructions to find information in a text, for example ‘Use the contents list to find the section about oceans’
  • following simple instructions to find information in a multimodal or interactive digital text by following links and headings
  • using images and headings to locate information about specific topics

  VCEALL124 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL177

  Use common descriptive language

  Elaborations

  • using common adjectives to express affect (‘sad’, ‘happy’, ‘angry’), judgement (‘kind’, ‘mean’) and appreciation (‘beautiful’, ‘yucky’)
  • combining some common adverbs with verbs to describe action, for example ‘walk slowly’, ‘sing well’

  VCEALL177 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL786

  Write a range of cohesive texts with accuracy

  Elaborations

  • connecting ideas at the whole-text level using organisational features, such as detailed introductions containing a preview of key ideas, conclusions containing a clear summary
  • writing cohesive paragraphs with logical connections between ideas in each sentence

  VCEALL786 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL688

  Use a range of cohesive devices to extend speech

  Elaborations

  • extending speech by constructing compound sentences using a range of coordinating conjunctions, for example ‘I went to the shops but I didn’t buy anything’
  • extending speech by constructing complex sentences using subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘She doesn’t like fish because of the smell’
  • extending speech by adding prepositional phrases to give additional detail, for example ‘Without realising it was raining, he walked out the door’

  VCEALL688 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL662

  Organise the content of a topic at paragraph level, with teacher guidance, to reflect given or new information

  Elaborations

  • following a model text or scaffold for paragraph structure, for example including a topic sentence, main idea, elaboration and summary
  • writing a simple topic sentence introducing and sequencing the key idea of the paragraph, for example ‘Another main reason to ban cars is …’

  VCEALL662 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL127

  Use developing knowledge of English to predict some words or phrases

  Elaborations

  • finishing familiar phrases or sentences from known texts
  • recognising the ways in which new and already known information is presented in sentences
  • using knowledge of familiar words and phrases to make predictions about sentences and collocations, such as for collocations with ‘take’, for example ‘Don’t take the bus. It’s faster if you take the train’, ‘Why did you take so many photos?’

  VCEALL127 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL708

  Identify the role of cohesive markers in a text

  Elaborations

  • identifying cohesive markers in a text, such as ‘also’, ‘finally’, ‘however’
  • understanding the words replaced by reference items, and tracing these reference chains through a long text, for example ‘The team was reluctant to remain during the polar winter, when the sun may not be seen for over a month, as this is the most difficult time for Arctic exploration’

  VCEALL708 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL398

  Spell frequently used words with common patterns with increased accuracy

  Elaborations

  • spelling accurately high-frequency words and words from shared texts and classroom activities
  • using knowledge of letter–sound relationships and common letter groups to attempt to spell new words, with varied accuracy, such as ‘lern’ for ‘learn’

  VCEALL398 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL158

  Use some punctuation consistently

  Elaborations

  • using a range of common punctuation, such as full stops, question marks, commas
  • starting sentences with a capital letter and ending with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark
  • correcting capital letters and full stops when reviewing own or others’ writing

  VCEALL158 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL042

  Recognise and explore different types of texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying and engaging with print and visual texts
  • exploring a small range of simple text types such as recounts, narratives, information reports
  • navigating different types of texts, for example turning the pages of a book, clicking links on a website, finding points of interest on a map

  VCEALL042 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL180

  Use words from sets related to immediate communicative need, interest or experience

  Elaborations

  • recalling familiar words related to immediate needs, such as family, school, colours, numbers, days
  • referring to charts or vocabulary lists to select words required for communicative needs

  VCEALL180 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL584

  Use contextual cues to work out the literal meaning of unknown words in a simple text

  Elaborations

  • using information in the text, such as images or descriptions, to deduce meanings
  • using background or content knowledge to deduce meanings of words or phrases

  VCEALL584 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL070

  Show evidence of layout or planning in writing

  Elaborations

  • formatting pages consistently, for example writing the date and a heading, ruling a margin
  • planning for a range of text features, for example placing text appropriately on a page, leaving space for drawing

  VCEALL070 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL285

  Use knowledge of base words to read new forms

  Elaborations

  • attempting to read new forms of familiar words, and self-correcting using knowledge of base words and common morphemes, such as ‘walk, walked, walks’

  VCEALL285 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL051

  Recognise some common letters and letter patterns in words

  Elaborations

  • identifying common letters or letter patterns in words in letter charts, familiar books or other texts
  • locating particular letters, both lower-case and capital, in a short text when prompted
  • locating words containing the same letter patterns in a short text, for example words containing ‘ch’ or all the words with double letters

  VCEALL051 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL202

  Use basic terminology of reading

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘book’, ‘author’, ‘picture’, ‘word’

  VCEALL202 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL493

  Repeat short modelled utterances with understanding

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reproducing the sequence of ideas in a short spoken report or recount

  VCEALL493 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL364

  Read texts that contain compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • reading a small range of factual and fictional texts
  • understanding common coordinating conjunctions (such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘so’) and subordinating conjunctions (such as ‘because’, ‘if’, ‘before’)

  VCEALL364 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL183

  Repeat or re-pronounce words or phrases, when prompted, if not understood

  Elaborations

  • attending to the listener’s body language and speech to determine whether own speech has been understood
  • attempting to re-pronounce words using different pronunciation

  VCEALL183 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL441

  Understand the cohesion of ideas between and within paragraphs

  Elaborations

  • locating the topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, and finding the key words to identify the main idea
  • reordering sentences in a paragraph to follow a logical order of ideas and language
  • sequencing sentences using conjunctions of time (for example ‘then’, ‘next’, ‘first’, ‘after’) to make a cohesive paragraph
  • understanding items referred to by pronouns, and tracing these references through a text

  VCEALL441 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features