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• VCSSU081

  Energy from a variety of sources can be used to generate electricity; electric circuits enable this energy to be transferred to another place and then to be transformed into another form of energy

  Elaborations

  • recognising the need for a complete circuit to allow the flow of electricity
  • exploring circuit features, for example, wires and switches, and electrical devices, for example, light globes, LEDs and motors
  • investigating different electrical conductors and insulators
  • investigating how moving air and water can turn turbines to generate electricity
  • investigating how solar panels can generate electricity

  VCSSU081 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU091

  There are differences within and between groups of organisms; classification helps organise this diversity

  Elaborations

  • grouping a variety of organisms on the basis of similarities and differences in particular features
  • classifying using hierarchical systems, for example, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
  • using scientific conventions for naming species
  • using provided keys to identify organisms surveyed in a local habitat

  VCSSU091 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU099

  Predictable phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth and the Moon

  Elaborations

  • comparing times for the rotation of Earth, Sun and Moon, and comparing the times for the orbits of Earth and the Moon
  • modelling the relative movements of the Earth, Sun and Moon and how natural phenomena such as solar and lunar eclipses and phases of the Moon occur
  • explaining why different regions of Earth experience different seasonal conditions

  VCSSU099 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU101

  Water is an important resource that cycles through the environment

  Elaborations

  • considering the water cycle in terms of changes of state of water
  • investigating factors that influence the water cycle in nature
  • exploring how human management of water impacts on the water cycle

  VCSSU101 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU104

  Energy appears in different forms including movement (kinetic energy), heat, light, chemical energy and potential energy; devices can change energy from one form to another

  Elaborations

  • recognising that kinetic energy is the energy possessed by moving bodies
  • recognising that potential energy is stored energy, for example, gravitational, chemical and elastic energy
  • using flow diagrams to illustrate changes between different forms of energy
  • investigating the energy transformations in devices, for example, a catapult or a water wheel

  VCSSU104 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU049

  Light and sound are produced by a range of sources and can be sensed

  Elaborations

  • recognising senses are used to learn about the world around us: our eyes to detect light, our ears to detect sound, touch to feel vibrations, our noses to detect smell and our tongues to detect taste
  • identifying the Sun as a source of light
  • recognising that objects can be seen when light from sources is available to illuminate them
  • exploring different ways to produce sound using familiar objects and actions, for example, striking, blowing, scraping and shaking

  VCSSU049 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU047

  Earth’s resources are used in a variety of ways

  Elaborations

  • identifying Earth’s resources, including water, soil and minerals, and describing how they are used at school and in the home
  • considering what might happen to humans if there were a change in a familiar available resource, for example, water
  • identifying actions at school that can conserve resources, for example, turning off dripping taps

  VCSSU047 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU117

  Multicellular organisms rely on coordinated and interdependent internal systems to respond to changes to their environment

  Elaborations

  • describing how the requirements for life (oxygen, nutrients, water and removal of waste) are provided through the coordinated function of body systems, for example, the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, nervous and excretory systems
  • explaining (using models, flow diagrams or simulations) how body systems work together to maintain a functioning body
  • investigating the response of the body to changes as a result of the presence of micro-organisms

  VCSSU117 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU005

  Objects can be moved and touched

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating an awareness of force by watching or causing objects to bounce, swing, roll or slide
  • demonstrating an awareness of energy by responding to a variety of phenomena, for example, flashing lights, noisy toys, mechanical objects moving

  VCSSU005 | Science | Level A | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU100

  Some of Earth’s resources are renewable, but others are non-renewable

  Elaborations

  • considering what is meant by the term ‘renewable’ in relation to the Earth’s resources
  • considering timescales for regeneration of resources

  VCSSU100 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU103

  Change to an object’s motion is caused by unbalanced forces acting on the object; Earth’s gravity pulls objects towards the centre of Earth

  Elaborations

  • investigating the effects of applying different forces to familiar objects
  • investigating common situations where forces are balanced and unbalanced, for example, stationary and falling objects
  • investigating a simple machine such as a lever or a pulley system
  • exploring how gravity affects objects on the surface of Earth

  VCSSU103 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU096

  The properties of the different states of matter can be explained in terms of the motion and arrangement of particles

  Elaborations

  • modelling the arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases
  • using the particle model to distinguish between the properties of liquid water, ice and steam

  VCSSU096 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• VCTRC061

  Consider their use of Turkish and English in different contexts, considering how their choices position them as intercultural communicators

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning their home language in the school context, for example, by identifying elements that provide new challenges, such as having to adopt the standard form of Turkish as opposed to colloquial or regional varieties used at home
  • drawing on their bilingual/multilingual experience to identify elements of successful intercultural communication, such as being aware of differences in expectations, recognising and responding to signals of misunderstanding, switching between Turkish and English when it helps communication
  • providing examples of interactions that ‘work’ better in Turkish than they do in English and vice versa, for example, duygular, saymak, discussing why this might be the case
  • considering how they adjust their ways of communicating in Turkish or English when interacting with people such as elders, friends of the same or different gender, people in authority, small children or close relatives
  • keeping a journal of humorous, satisfying or challenging experiences associated with learning and using Turkish, noting personal reactions and reflections over time and insights gained into their own communicative behaviour

  VCTRC061 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRC023

  Engage with imaginative texts such as stories, puppet shows, songs or dance, identifying favourite elements and acting out key events or interactions

  Elaborations

  • using movement, facial expressions and actions to interpret meaning in texts such as Karagöz ve Hacıvat or Nasrettin Hoca, identifying key messages, morals and amusing moments
  • acting out elements of classic texts narrated by the teacher, such as Şirin Kız ve Üç Ayı, İki İnatçı Keçi, using facial expressions and actions to mirror emotions and emphasise meaning
  • participating in group recitals of poems on special occasions such as Mother’s Day, national days, religious and cultural celebrations
  • participating in shared and guided reading of texts such as cartoons, poems, fairytales and fables, responding to questions about characters, ideas and events
  • responding to words of songs through movement and dance, for example, Ah benim turnam, Yeşil başlı turnam ..., Pazara gidelim...
  • responding to traditional songs and folk music such as halay, çiftetelli, Silifke’nin yoğurdu, for example, by using wooden spoons to mark rhythm and creating and narrating their own versions of the dance

  VCTRC023 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRC105

  Contribute to structured discussions and shared learning experiences by asking and responding to questions, clarifying statements, demonstrating understanding, expressing agreement or disagreement and reflecting on their learning

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions, expressing opinions and clarifying statements in structured discussions or debates, for example, bana göre, şöyle ki, seninle aynı fikirde değilim
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge strengths in others’ arguments or challenge views in a courteous manner, for example, İnanıyorum ki …, Görüşünü destekleyecek kanıtın var mı? Haklısın ama bence …, Seninle tamamen aynı fikirdeyim, hemfikiriz
  • using metalanguage to discuss language, culture and language-learning and to engage in peer- and self-reflection, for example, şimdi daha rahat Türkçe konuşabiliyorum, Türkçe TV programlarını daha iyi anlayabiliyorum, Evde Türkçeyi daha rahat konuşuyorum ama okulda zorlanıyorum
  • comparing their reflections on the experience of learning Turkish in school, identifying personal learning strategies and preferred learning modes, using statements such as Ben çok sık tekrar yapıyorum, Yeni öğrendiğim kelimeleri cümle içinde kullanıyorum, Ben görerek daha iyi öğreniyorum, Benim ezberim çok iyi, Benim ezberim iyi değil

  VCTRC105 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC020

  Respond to questions, directions and requests from the teacher and each other, and use questions and statements to ask for help or permission, to attract attention and to rehearse new language

  Elaborations

  • responding to questions concerning topics such as the weather or the day’s schedule, using modelled language such as Bugün hava nasıl? Bugün hava güneşli ve sıcak! Bugün önce birlikte bir kitap okuyacağız, sonra bir oyun oynayacağız
  • negotiating turns and complimenting their friends, for example, Sen kazandın! Tebrikler! Şimdi ben oynayabilir miyim?
  • preparing and displaying classroom rules, routines or priorities, such as saygı, nezaket, işbirliği
  • seeking clarification, attracting attention, asking for help or for something to be repeated, for example, Anlayamadım, tekrar eder misiniz? Bu kelime nasıl okunur?
  • responding to directions and instructions when playing games, participating in dances or performances, preparing for activities and completing work, for example, soldan sağa, sıranı bekle, geri dön, karşılıklı dur

  VCTRC020 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC103

  Exchange views and information on local and global issues, including aspects of their own lives, such as family relationships and responsibilities, education and community

  Elaborations

  • discussing issues that are relevant to this stage of their lives, such as school, peer pressure, the use and impact of social media or the nature of parental expectations, identifying points of agreement or disagreement, for example, Ailem gece dışarı çıkmama izin vermiyor
  • participating in discussions on local issues that they see impacting on their current or future lives, such as environmental change, for example by focusing on questions such as Çevremizi korumak için neler yapmalıyız? Arkadaşlarınla sosyal medyayı nasıl kullanıyorsun?
  • engaging in online discussions with Turkish-speaking students in different contexts on topics of shared interest, such as music, sports, fashion, travel, and comparing their aspirations in terms of personal and professional opportunities, for example, liseyi bitirince Türkiye’de üniversiteye gitmek istiyorum, okulu bitirdikten sonra seyahat etmek istiyorum
  • discussing their responsibilities at home and at school, comparing with those of young people living in Turkey or other Turkish-speaking communities around the world, noting the relative importance of concepts such as Derslerde başarılı olmak, küçük kardeşlere bakmak,Türkçe öğrenmek büyük sorumluluk, aile işyerinde çalışmak
  • developing narrative skills by exchanging accounts of personally significant people, events, influences or milestones in their lives, for example, Türkiye’ye ilk ziyaret, Avustralya’ya geliş, sünnet düğünü, ilk iş görüşmesi, Türk konserine gitmek

  VCTRC103 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC109

  Create imaginative texts in different modes and formats to entertain, convey ideas and express emotions for particular audiences

  Elaborations

  • working together to create imagined scenarios that involve contemporary versions of characters or events encountered in traditional Turkish literature or songs, such as Keloğlan Avustralya’da
  • creating stories about a fantasy character or context, using descriptive and expressive language suitable to engage younger learners
  • selecting an imaginative text that they enjoy, for example, an excerpt from a novel such as Çalıkuşu or a poem such as İstanbul’u Düşünüyorum, and adapting it to a different text genre, such as a rap or children’s story
  • creating and performing skits that respond to stimulus themes and involve characterisation, context and dramatic tension, for example, kuşak çatışması, zeka oyunları, aile problemleri, bağımlılık
  • using digital resources such as Cartoon Story Maker to create imaginary characters in familiar situations associated with school or home contexts to entertain young learners
  • creating riddles to compete with and entertain each other, imitating the use of rhythm, rhyme and metaphor exemplified in riddles from traditional folktales

  VCTRC109 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRC003

  Recognise and respond to familiar classroom routines, such as the opening and closing of lessons, transition activities, following instructions and taking turns

  Elaborations

  • participating in class routines, such as calling the roll, exchanging greetings and stating the day and date, for example, Günaydın çocuklar! Nasılsınız? Ayşe! Buradayım öğretmenim! Bugün 18 Ekim 2015, Cuma
  • responding to instructions through actions, gestures and verbal responses such as Ayağa kalkın!, Oturun! Konuşmak için elinizi kaldırın! Sıraya girin! Defterlerinizi açın. Tabletlerinizin ekranını açın
  • asking for help, information or permission, for example, Bana yardım eder misin, lütfen? Ben bunu anlamadım. Ben de oynayabilir miyim? and responding to directions such as İkişerli gruplara ayrılın. Biz ikimiz bir grupta olalım. Yerlerinize oturun. El ele tutuşun. Daire şeklinde durun. Şapkalarınızı giymeyi unutmayın. Teneffüse çıkabilirsiniz
  • participating in Bayrak töreni, the routine singing of national anthems and the recitation of Andımız, taking turns to lead

  VCTRC003 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC044

  Discuss the experience of switching between languages, noticing when they choose to use either Turkish or English and how each culture influences ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • identifying and comparing instances when they switch between Turkish and English, considering why they do this in particular situations or interactions
  • comparing experiences of using Turkish and English with a particular person, such as a parent or older relative, noticing which topics or interactions fit more easily into one language than the other and considering reasons for this
  • reflecting on experiences of feeling either uncomfortable or comfortable when switching between languages, explaining why this might have been the case, for example, when translating for parents or other family members or interpreting for visitors
  • identifying adjustments they make when moving between Turkish and English at school and at home, such as using different forms of address and showing respect or affection in particular ways, discussing why these adjustments are necessary
  • reflecting on instances when their use of Turkish, English or other languages has been misinterpreted and discussing possible reasons for this

  VCTRC044 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting