Students develop explicit knowledge of the forms and functions of language elements that some may already use fluently in their spoken language. Literacy development provides the opportunity not only to read and write the language but also to understand how it is formed and how it works. Students learn how spoken language is represented in the Devanagari script by the use of 13 characters classified...
Students develop explicit knowledge of the forms and functions of language elements that some may already use fluently in their spoken language. Literacy development provides the opportunity not only to read and write the language but also to understand how it is formed and how it works. Students learn how spoken language is represented in the Devanagari script by the use of 13 characters classified as vowels (अ-अः) and 35 as consonants (क-ह and ड़-ढ़) and that a line on the top joins letters to make words and leave spaces between words बस, घर। अब घर चल।. They recognise the matra form of vowels, such as ि, ी, distinguish long and short vowel sounds such as ि, ी and identify the pronunciation of vowel sounds in conjunction with consonants, कइ/कि, कई/की. They develop understanding of key features and core elements of grammar, including sentence structures, the form and function of pronouns, मैं, हम, यह, ये, तुम, तू, आप, मैं, मेरा, तुम्हारा।, the use of postpositions and gender and number agreements, लड़का गाता है। लड़की गाती है। लड़के गाते हैं. They compose statements and questions, such as तुम मेरे साथ चलो। तुम कैसे हो and use simple verb tenses such as गया था, जाऊँगा, जा रहा हूँ, खाया था, खा रहा हूँ, खाऊँगा. They position adverbs correctly in sentences, for example, धीरे-धीरे, जल्दी में, दौड़ते हुए and use negative forms of verbs and adjectives, for example, सोहन ने फिल्म नहीं देखी। झूठ कभी मत बोलो. They increase their range of vocabulary and recognise loan words from languages such as English, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Portuguese. They learn how the under-dotted characters क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, फ़ are used to represent loan sounds in Hindi. Students use and analyse grammatical forms and sentence structures that express relationships between ideas and experiences, and develop awareness of how language structures shape textual features. They use descriptive and expressive language to create particular effects and to engage interest. They develop language knowledge, processing strategies and understanding of text conventions to assist in comprehending unfamiliar texts. They make connections between texts and cultural contexts, identifying how perspectives are embedded in language and how language choices determine how people, issues and experiences are represented. They are aware of the nature of the relationship between languages and cultures, noticing, for example, how particular Hindi words or expressions ‘carry’ cultural values or experiences. They reflect on how languages change in response to broader social and cultural shifts.
Students use Hindi to interact with each other and the teacher to access and exchange information, to express ideas and feelings, to participate and to cooperate in learning experiences and activities. They build vocabulary resources, grammatical knowledge and communicative capabilities such as active listening skills and interactional strategies through shared tasks that provide a context for purposeful language experience that develop understanding of language systems and the ability to use metalanguage. They use modelled and rehearsed language to compose and present different types of texts. They plan, draft and present imaginative and informative texts, and participate in discussions.
By the end of Level 8, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and opinions about their personal worlds, for example, मेरे परिवार के अधिकतर सदस्य ऑस्ट्रेलिया में रहते हैं लेकिन कुछ सदस्य भारत में भी रहते हैं। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि...... They exchange greetings and wishes, for example, दीपावली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ, ईद मुबारक , परीक्षा में सफल होने के लिए बधाई and use descriptive and expressive language to share feelings, for example,उँगली पर नचाना, नाक में दम करना,मेरी चाचीजी मुझसे बहुत प्यार करती हैं ,मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ । हरे भरे खेत हवा के झोंकों के संग लहलहा रहे थे। पेड़ों के पत्तो में से सूरज की किरणें छन छन कर आ रही थीं। अपने घर में कुत्ता भी शेर होता है. Students use action-related and rehearsed language to engage in shared activities that involve planning, collaborating, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating, for example, इसके लिए संगीत की व्यवस्था कौन करेगा? किन चित्रों का उपयोग होगा इसका निर्णय हम कैसे करेंगे? यदि तुम तबला बजाओगे तो मैं गाऊँगी. They interact in classroom routines and exchanges by following instructions, asking and responding to questions, for example, आज २० जून है, आज सोमवार है, आज बहुत...
By the end of Level 8, students interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and opinions about their personal worlds, for example, मेरे परिवार के अधिकतर सदस्य ऑस्ट्रेलिया में रहते हैं लेकिन कुछ सदस्य भारत में भी रहते हैं। मुझे क्रिकेट खेलना अच्छा लगता है क्योंकि...... They exchange greetings and wishes, for example, दीपावली की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएँ, ईद मुबारक , परीक्षा में सफल होने के लिए बधाई and use descriptive and expressive language to share feelings, for example,उँगली पर नचाना, नाक में दम करना,मेरी चाचीजी मुझसे बहुत प्यार करती हैं ,मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ । हरे भरे खेत हवा के झोंकों के संग लहलहा रहे थे। पेड़ों के पत्तो में से सूरज की किरणें छन छन कर आ रही थीं। अपने घर में कुत्ता भी शेर होता है. Students use action-related and rehearsed language to engage in shared activities that involve planning, collaborating, making arrangements, transacting and negotiating, for example, इसके लिए संगीत की व्यवस्था कौन करेगा? किन चित्रों का उपयोग होगा इसका निर्णय हम कैसे करेंगे? यदि तुम तबला बजाओगे तो मैं गाऊँगी. They interact in classroom routines and exchanges by following instructions, asking and responding to questions, for example, आज २० जून है, आज सोमवार है, आज बहुत सर्दी है, requesting permission or clarification, for example, नहीं, मुझे समझ नहीं आया, कृपया फिर से दोहराइए l यह बहुत कठिन है । इसमें मुझे क्या करना है? इस प्रश्न का उत्तर क्या है? कृपया, यह फिर से समझाइये and responding to praise or criticism, for example, बहुत बढ़िया!. बुरा नहीं है। ठीकठाक! Students apply features of pronunciation and rhythm in spoken Hindi to a range of sentence types. They locate key points of information from a range of spoken, written and visual texts and communicate information and ideas related to personal, social and natural worlds using different modes of presentation. They share their responses to different imaginative texts by identifying and comparing favourite elements and discussing characters, themes, effects and structure. Students use imaginative language to create original texts in different genres. They use key grammatical forms and structures in spoken and written texts, such as basic rules of word order, pronouns, for example, मैं, हम, तुम, ये, मैं, मेरा, तुम्हारा। यहाँ- वहाँ , यह-वह, postpositions, and gender and number agreement, for example, लड़का गाता है । लड़की गाती है। लड़के गातें हैं. Students compose simple statements and questions based on models such as तुम मेरे साथ चलो। तुम कैसे हो? They translate and interpret short texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not readily translate, such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, पेट में चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं. They create shared bilingual texts for the classroom, school and wider community. They identify differences and similarities in the way they interact in Hindi and English and describe the relationship between identity and cultural experience.
Students make connections between spoken and written Hindi and identify and apply the conventions of the Devanagari script, including elements such as the writing of conjunct characters, for example, क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, consonant combinations, for example, क+इ = कि , क+ई=की and matras, for example, कु , कू . They identify the structure and textual and grammatical features of different personal, informative, persuasive and imaginative texts. They identify ways in which spoken and written Hindi vary according to context and situation. Students give examples of how Hindi has changed over time due to different influences and interactions and how it has in turn influenced other languages. They identify the diversity of language practices in multicultural communities and describe how languages reflect values, belief systems and perspectives.
Students expand their range of vocabulary beyond their personal experience and interests, applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words. They use a range of grammatical forms and language structures to convey more complex relationships between ideas and experiences, creating compound and complex sentences by using postpositions such as मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय...
Students expand their range of vocabulary beyond their personal experience and interests, applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words. They use a range of grammatical forms and language structures to convey more complex relationships between ideas and experiences, creating compound and complex sentences by using postpositions such as मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ।. They recognise the function and form of commonly used suffixes and prefixes and relationships between words with a shared base, such as बुद्धि, सुबुद्धि, बुद्धिमान, बुद्धिमती. They distinguish between active and passive voice according to context, मैंने आपको बुलाया है। आपको बुलाया गया है। and use a range of tenses to describe routines and actions, मैं दिल्ली जा रहा हूँ। मैं दिल्ली गया था।मैं दिल्ली जाऊँगा. They develop awareness of how language structures shape textual features, and they adopt a wider range of processing strategies, drawing increasingly on their understanding of text conventions when encountering unfamiliar texts. They continue to build metalanguage to describe grammatical and textual features. They recognise and use idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा, and employ descriptive and expressive language, including onomatopoeic and mimetic words, to create particular effects and engage interest.
Students make connections between texts and cultural contexts, identifying how cultural perspectives are embedded in language and how language choices determine how people, issues and circumstances are represented. They are increasingly aware of the relationship between languages and cultures, for example, family commitment and respect expressed in cultural practices as well as embedded in Hindi grammatical and vocabulary systems.
Hindi is used for classroom interactions and transactions, for creating and maintaining classroom relationships, for explaining and practising language forms, and for developing cultural understanding. Students work collaboratively and independently, exploring different modes and genres of communication with particular reference to their current social, cultural and communicative interests. They pool language knowledge and resources to plan, problem-solve, monitor and reflect. They use modelled and rehearsed language in familiar and unfamiliar contexts. They compose and present more complex and varied texts and plan, draft and present imaginative and informative texts They design interactive events and collaborative learning experiences and participate in discussions and activities. They use vocabulary and grammar with increasing accuracy, drafting and editing written work to improve structure and clarify meaning.
By the end of Level 8, students initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written interactions on topics of mutual interest, for example, आपका क्या हाल है? आप कब वापस आये? परिवार में सब कैसे हैं? आप कहना क्या चाहते हैं? रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ..., सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि ... They exchange views or experiences and offer opinions using language to encourage feedback and to express empathy or indicate agreement, for example, सुन कर बहुत ख़ुशी हुई, बधाई हो!, मुबारक हो। जन्मदिन की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें। बड़े दुःख की बात है; मुझे आप से सहानुभूति हैl आप बिलकुल सही कह रहे हैं। मैं आप से सौ प्रतिशत सहमत हूँ. Students complete transactions by negotiating, planning and solving problems, for example, यह लहंगा कितने का है? यह और कौन कौन से रंगों में उपलब्ध है? खाने में मिर्ची थोड़ी ज़्यादा डालना। चाय गरमा गरम होनी चाहिए। हम यह सामान वापिस नहीं ले सकते क्योंकि आपने रसीद खो दी है. They use reflective and evaluative language to support their own and others’ learning and to manage discussion and debate, for example, ध्यान देने की बात है क...., यह एक और दिलचस्प पहलू है…; जो आप कह रहे हैं वह ठीक है मगर यदि दूसरे दृषटिकोण से देखा जाए तो यह कहना ग़लत नहीं...
By the end of Level 8, students initiate and sustain a range of spoken and written interactions on topics of mutual interest, for example, आपका क्या हाल है? आप कब वापस आये? परिवार में सब कैसे हैं? आप कहना क्या चाहते हैं? रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ..., सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि ... They exchange views or experiences and offer opinions using language to encourage feedback and to express empathy or indicate agreement, for example, सुन कर बहुत ख़ुशी हुई, बधाई हो!, मुबारक हो। जन्मदिन की हार्दिक शुभकामनायें। बड़े दुःख की बात है; मुझे आप से सहानुभूति हैl आप बिलकुल सही कह रहे हैं। मैं आप से सौ प्रतिशत सहमत हूँ. Students complete transactions by negotiating, planning and solving problems, for example, यह लहंगा कितने का है? यह और कौन कौन से रंगों में उपलब्ध है? खाने में मिर्ची थोड़ी ज़्यादा डालना। चाय गरमा गरम होनी चाहिए। हम यह सामान वापिस नहीं ले सकते क्योंकि आपने रसीद खो दी है. They use reflective and evaluative language to support their own and others’ learning and to manage discussion and debate, for example, ध्यान देने की बात है क...., यह एक और दिलचस्प पहलू है…; जो आप कह रहे हैं वह ठीक है मगर यदि दूसरे दृषटिकोण से देखा जाए तो यह कहना ग़लत नहीं होगा कि.... यह विषय विवादास्पद है. When speaking Hindi, they apply pronunciation and rhythm patterns, including consonant clusters and English words used in Hindi, to a range of sentence types. They locate, collate and analyse information from a range of written, spoken and multimodal texts to provide an overview or to develop a position on selected issues or interests. They use different modes of communication to report on perspectives, views and experiences or to invite action and debate. They interpret ways in which values, characters and events are represented in a range of traditional and contemporary imaginative texts. Students create texts with imaginary characters and contexts in a range of forms to entertain different audiences. They use grammatical forms and features such as prefixes, for example, ज्ञान-अज्ञान-,समान-असमान and suffixes, for example, कृपालु, दयालु, लड़ाई, चढ़ाई), and create compound and complex sentences by using postpositions such as तुम अगर समय पर काम करोगे तो खेल सकोगे। हम सब को अपना कार्य मेहनत और सच्ची लगन से करना चाहिये जिस से हमे सफलता मिले। मैं अभी लिखूँगा ताकि समय पूरा होने से पहले लेख खत्म कर लूँ, comparative adjectives, for example, गीता अपनी बहन से सुन्दर है। मोहन अपनी कक्षा में सब से होशियार है। राम थोड़ा लम्बा है। हेमा से अधिक चतुर है। and basic joining rules such as इ+आ = ए to achieve cohesion.They translate texts from Hindi into English and vice versa, and compare their own translations with others’, interpreting cultural elements. They produce texts in Hindi and English that reflect a bilingual and bicultural perspective. Students identify differences and similarities in the way they interact in Hindi and English, and describe the nature of identity and cultural experience and identify the relationship between the two.
Students identify the relationship between individual and combined elements of spoken and written Hindi and apply writing conventions, including spelling, to convey specific meaning in a range of texts. They use metalanguage to explain aspects of language and apply grammatical and lexical knowledge to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and to form and spell new ones. They use their knowledge of text structure and organisation to interpret the unfamiliar texts and create new ones. Students explain how and why language use varies according to context, purpose, audience, mode of delivery and the relationship between participants. They explain how and why their own use of Hindi has changed over time and depends on context. They identify the intercultural and multilingual nature of language use across global communities and in social media and popular culture and explain how this influences their own lives. Students explain how language forms and usage reflect cultural ideas, values and perspectives.
