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Level A (Towards Foundation)

Level A Description

In Level A, students begin to engage, participate and receive communication with known adults, teachers and peers. Opportunities are provided for students to explore English knowledge, understanding...

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Level A Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Encounter various forms of texts and respond to sounds, text, symbols, images or objects in their environment (VCELA001)
  2. Encounter books, print and digital texts and respond to images in the text (VCELA002)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Experience sentences being used to express ideas and information and responds to different words, sounds and noise (VCELA003)
  2. Respond to words and groups of words and objects in texts and in the environment (VCELA004)
  3. Respond to images and words in texts (VCELA005)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Encounter words and writing within the environment and respond to spoken words in familiar environments (VCELA006)
  2. React to preferred sounds (VCELA007)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. React to texts, related to personal experience and familiar events (VCELT008)
Examining literature
  1. Experience and respond to different types of literary texts in various modes (VCELT009)
  2. Experience texts with different features, events and characters and respond to different literary texts (VCELT010)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Respond to texts within the everyday environment (VCELY011)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. React to a range of texts including visual, audio and print text (VCELY012)
  2. Experience and respond to different forms of communication and texts being read or viewed (VCELY013)
  3. React to a variety of imaginative and informative texts (VCELY014)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Respond to images, objects and the spoken word (VCELA015)
  2. React to different sounds, and words, and respond to visual text (VCELA016)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Experience people writing, speaking and communicating using various modes (VCELA017)
  2. React to familiar voices and preferred sounds (VCELA018)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Encounter literature being created for various reasons and purposes and react to the retelling of a literary text (VCELT019)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. React to the construction of text that reflects everyday events and activities (VCELY020)
  2. Respond to group text and personalised text being edited (VCELY021)
  3. Encounter a variety of objects and textures and hold objects for a short period of time (VCELY022)
  4. React to software being used to construct texts that reflect everyday events and activities (VCELY023)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Use sounds and facial expressions to affect familiar others (VCELA024)
Language for interaction
  1. Respond to a familiar person and engage with them (VCELA025)
  2. Explore how sound, facial expression and actions can cause a change (VCELA026)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Respond to vocabulary used in everyday experiences (VCELA027)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Encounter words being isolated into onset and rime (VCELA029)
  2. Respond to different sounds and words used in everyday experiences (VCELA028)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Respond to images, sounds or actions within a multimodal text (VCELT030)
  2. Respond to texts listened to, viewed or read (VCELT031)
Examining literature
  1. Respond to the use of rhythms and sound patterns in stories, rhymes, songs and poems from a range of cultures (VCELT032)
Creating literature
  1. React to texts and familiar parts of a preferred text (VCELT033)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Respond to various types of communication (VCELY034)
  2. React to others sharing and delivering a presentation on a personally or culturally relevant event (VCELY035)

Level A Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level A, students react to a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts from familiar contexts. They respond to images of familiar people, objects or events. They fleetingly maintain eye contact with a person or object. They enjoy reading material as it is being read/experienced, shown or told. They can track objects, people or images for a short period of time.

Writing

When experiencing coactive writing activities, students make choices between objects and images and accept and reject objects and activities. Students develop their fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination and they move their hands in response to tactile stimuli. Students can demonstrate their grasp and can hold an object briefly when it is placed in their hand.

Speaking and Listening

Stud...

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Level B (Towards Foundation)

Level B Description

In Level B, students communicate with peers, teachers and known adults. Opportunities are provided for students to explore English knowledge, understanding, skills and processes through everyday...

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Level B Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Recognise that texts can have many forms, can use images, objects and symbols (VCELA036)
  2. Recognise and attend to images in texts and on the screen (VCELA037)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Know that an object has a name (VCELA038)
  2. Recognise an object when named, signed or shown in an image (VCELA039)
  3. Recognise familiar objects and images in stories and informative texts (VCELA040)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Explore the concept of difference through matching letters, images, shapes and familiar words and sounds (VCELA041)
  2. Reproduce sounds associated with familiar objects and names (VCELA042)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Respond to texts which reflect personal and family experiences (VCELT043)
Examining literature
  1. Attend to features of literary texts such as images, rhyme and refrains (VCELT044)
  2. Recognise a familiar event or character during shared reading or viewing of text (VCELT045)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Attend to texts that have a variety of contexts (VCELY046)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Use images to obtain meaning from shared texts (VCELY047)
  2. Attend to images while listening to and viewing texts (VCELY048)
  3. Attend to imaginative and informative texts including visual schedules in everyday experiences (VCELY049)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Recognise the connection between an object, image and spoken word (VCELA050)
  2. Recognise that text can be attached to images and recognise that people pause when talking and communicating (VCELA051)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Reproduce speech sounds to communicate basic wants and use images and objects to express their wants and ideas (VCELA052)
  2. Recognise different sounds and words and their connection to objects and people (VCELA053)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Select an image and illustration to represent a familiar literary text or recent event (VCELT054)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Select image to be used in a short text about a special event (VCELY055)
  2. Make simple choices during shared construction of personalised multimodal text (VCELY056)
  3. Grasp and move objects within and between their hands (VCELY057)
  4. Use software or applications to select images and sounds for shared texts (VCELY058)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Use sounds, gestures, images and facial expressions to communicate (VCELA059)
Language for interaction
  1. Recognise ways to gain and maintain attention (VCELA060)
  2. Demonstrate a number of ways to indicate a choice (VCELA061)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Recognise the connection between words, images, sounds and everyday objects (VCELA062)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Connect sounds and words and match them to objects (VCELA063)
  2. Copy a sound (VCELA064)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Identify a preferred text (VCELT065)
  2. Respond to familiar images or sounds during shared reading/viewing of texts (VCELT066)
Examining literature
  1. Participate in rhymes and songs from a range of cultures and echo some familiar rhythms and sound patterns (VCELT067)
Creating literature
  1. Assist to modify a text by producing a sound, noise or using an object (VCELT068)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen to and respond to simple instructions (VCELY069)
  2. Respond to a presentation on an everyday experience (VCELY070)

Level B Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level B, students will listen to and view a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts from familiar contexts. They can focus on an image during the sharing of a text. They select a text using visual images and request a text to be read. Students can recognise images of familiar people. They recognise their own name in print using a shape or beginning letter. They can sort and match pictures and shapes. They imitate some reading behaviour, including holding reading material upright and turning pages several at a time. They can show another person their favourite character or object in a text.

Writing

When writing, they can scribble freely using various materials or computer mouse. Students draw non-linear shapes and forms. They can use a touchscreen,...

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Level C (Towards Foundation)

Level C Description

In Level C, students communicate with known adults, teachers and peers. Students learn about social rules of communication and experience different ways to convey information to others. Students...

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Level C Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Recognise that texts and communication can take various forms including multimodal and picture books (VCELA071)
  2. Know that successive pages or images in a book or on a screen present a story in sequence (VCELA072)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Recognise that a group of words can communicate a message (VCELA073)
  2. Know how to use the connection between the object, its name, image or sign (VCELA074)
  3. Recognise the use of images to represent an event, object or idea (VCELA075)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Explore similarities and differences between letters by shape and size and match some letters with their name or sound (VCELA076)
  2. Recognise different sounds and their connection to a word or image (VCELA077)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Recognise key events in texts which reflect personal and familiar experiences (VCELT078)
Examining literature
  1. Identify characteristics of familiar literary texts including poetry (VCELT079)
  2. Recognise familiar texts which share the same character or similar topic or event (VCELT080)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Explore some familiar texts and images used in the community (VCELY081)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Recognise that images, words and symbols convey meaning (VCELY082)
  2. Use images within text to identify key objects and events (VCELY083)
  3. Use simple visual schedules and selected imaginative and informative texts (VCELY084)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Know that symbols, words and images can communicate needs (VCELA085)
  2. Know their written name (as a grapheme) and match the letters in their name (VCELA086)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Use spoken words, sign or Augmentative Alternative Communication System to communicate and understand that images can be used to write and express ideas (VCELA087)
  2. Know the beginning sounds (onset) of familiar words (VCELA088)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Retell an event or familiar text through images and illustrations (VCELT089)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create simple texts by labelling images from an event with own ‘writing’ (VCELY090)
  2. Review choices made during shared construction of personalised multimodal texts during shared review (VCELY091)
  3. Trace patterns and letters (VCELY092)
  4. Use software or application by selecting images and typing to ‘label’ images (VCELY093)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Recognise that words, images and actions have the same meaning across environments (VCELA094)
Language for interaction
  1. Recognise ways to greet and interact with familiar people (VCELA095)
  2. Recognise different ways to communicate needs, likes and dislikes (VCELA096)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Use words and images to make a request, indicate a choice, recount information, and express a feeling (VCELA097)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Recognise the beginning sounds of familiar words (VCELA098)
  2. Identify the initial sound of a single syllable word (VCELA099)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Identify a preferred aspect of text, such as image, refrain within a multimodal text (VCELT100)
  2. Identify a favourite character or event within a story (VCELT101)
Examining literature
  1. Repeat and follow rhythms and sound patterns in familiar rhymes and songs from a range of cultures (VCELT102)
Creating literature
  1. Modify part of a refrain from a familiar text (VCELT103)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen to and respond to the communication from an adult in classroom situations (VCELY104)
  2. Deliver some comment to a small group (VCELY105)

Level C Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level C, students listen to and view a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts from familiar contexts. They identify the main character or event in a familiar text using visual images from the text. They participate in interactive stories and repeat or activate a short phrase or refrain during the sharing of a familiar text. When reading, students move through a print text from front to back. They can comment or point to illustrations in reading material to predict the topic of the material. They use a key word to respond to questions about what is happening in a text. They can make a graphophonic identification of their own name. They can match letters and numbers, and identify some letters and numbers named by another.

Writing

When writing, students...

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Level D (Towards Foundation)

Level D Description

In the Level D, students communicate with known adults, teachers and peers. Students are provided with experiences that engage, support and extend their learning, including the use of pictorial...

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Level D Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Investigate different forms of texts and the relationship between symbols, images and objects (VCELA106)
  2. Identify some of the features of text such as digital/screen layout or the features of a book cover (VCELA107)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand how to make a statement or ask a question (VCELA108)
  2. Recognise how a group of words can represent an object or image (VCELA109)
  3. Explore connection between words, objects and images in stories and informative texts (VCELA110)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Know that a letter can be the same but look different, including capital and lower-case letters, and match some letters with their sound and name (VCELA111)
  2. Identify and make sounds associated with the beginning letter of words or images (VCELA112)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Identify topic and key events in texts that reflect personal and familiar experiences (VCELT113)
Examining literature
  1. Know some characteristics and features of literary texts, such as characters, beginning and ending in stories and rhyme in poetry (VCELT114)
  2. Identify the characters, events and setting in a literary text (VCELT115)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Identify some familiar texts and their use in the community (VCELY116)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Read a simple sentence or pictorial representation of a sentence (VCELY117)
  2. Use images to retell or comment on a familiar text listened to and viewed (VCELY118)
  3. Identify some familiar informative and imaginary texts (VCELY119)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that language can be represented as written text (VCELA120)
  2. Copy own name and recognise some of the letters within it, and understand that pausing is presented as a full stop in written text (VCELA121)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Use, communicate or articulate high-frequency words and reproduce familiar sounds and their letters (VCELA122)
  2. Identify the onset of familiar words and some words that have the same rime (VCELA123)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Retell familiar text or event by sequencing images and simple statements (VCELT124)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Use symbols, letters and words to create a simple statement about an idea or event (VCELY125)
  2. Review own text and make changes during shared editing (VCELY126)
  3. Copy and write letters, symbols and numbers (VCELY127)
  4. Use software or application by selecting images and suggesting simple sentences to accompany the image (VCELY128)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that people communicate in different ways (VCELA129)
Language for interaction
  1. Know how to greet and maintain a short interaction with others (VCELA130)
  2. Use different ways to express needs, likes and dislikes (VCELA131)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Use vocabulary in the form of short phrases for a variety of purposes such as to request an object, communicate a need, recount information, or express a feeling (VCELA132)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Identify the sounds within familiar words (VCELA133)
  2. Blend sounds to produce familiar single syllable words and identify words that have the same rime (VCELA134)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Identify favourite texts topic and character (VCELT136)
  2. Express likes or dislikes about characters and events in a text (VCELT137)
Examining literature
  1. Identify and copy the rhythms and sound patterns in stories, rhymes and songs from a range of cultures (VCELT138)
Creating literature
  1. Add to a familiar text (VCELT135)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen and respond to communication of others in classroom situations and routines (VCELY139)
  2. Deliver short oral presentation about an object or event of interest that identifies some of its key characteristics (VCELY140)

Level D Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level D, students listen to and view a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts from familiar contexts. They identify the main character and event in an imaginative text. They use visual images to identify the key topic or theme within an informative text. They understand familiar text by using images and communicate a short statement about the text. They can follow a simple pictorial timetable. They select their own reading material by looking at the picture on the cover. They model reading by tracking text page by page, from left to right and top to bottom, and follow or point to a line of text as it is being read. They use illustrations to retell a story and answer simple questions about a story. They recognise the connection between print and...

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Foundation Level

Foundation Level Description

In the Foundation level, students communicate with peers, teachers, known adults, and students from other classes.

Students engage with a variety of texts for enjoyment. They listen to, read and...

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Foundation Level Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that texts can take many forms, and that imaginative and informative texts have different purposes (VCELA141)
  2. Understand concepts about print and screen, including how books, film and simple digital texts work, and know some features of print, including directionality (VCELA142)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Recognise that sentences are key units for expressing ideas (VCELA143)
  2. Recognise that texts are made up of words and groups of words that make meaning (VCELA144)
  3. Explore the different contribution of words and images to meaning in stories and informative texts (VCELA145)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Recognise all upper- and lower-case letters and the most common sound that each letter represents (VCELA146)
  2. Blend sounds associated with letters when reading consonant-vowel-consonant words (VCELA147)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Recognise that texts are created by authors who tell stories and share experiences that may be similar or different to students’ own experiences (VCELT148)
Examining literature
  1. Recognise some different types of literary texts and identify some characteristic features of literary texts (VCELT149)
  2. Identify some features of texts including events and characters and retell events from a text (VCELT150)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Identify some familiar texts and the contexts in which they are used (VCELY151)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Read texts with familiar structures and features, practising phrasing and fluency, and monitor meaning using concepts about print and emerging phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge (VCELY152)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to understand and discuss texts listened to, viewed or read independently (VCELY153)
  3. Identify some differences between imaginative and informative texts (VCELY154)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that some language in written texts is unlike everyday spoken language (VCELA155)
  2. Understand that punctuation is a feature of written text different from letters and recognise how capital letters are used for names, and that capital letters and full stops signal the beginning and end of sentences (VCELA156)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand that spoken sounds and words can be written and know how to write some high-frequency words and other familiar words including their name (VCELA157)
  2. Know how to use onset and rime to spell words where sounds map more directly onto letters (VCELA158)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Retell familiar literary texts through performance, use of illustrations and images (VCELT159)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create short texts to explore, record and report ideas and events using familiar words and beginning writing knowledge (VCELY160)
  2. Participate in shared editing of students’ own texts for meaning, spelling, capital letters and full stops (VCELY161)
  3. Understand that sounds in English are represented by upper- and lower-case letters that can be written using learned letter formation patterns for each case (VCELY162)
  4. Construct texts using software including word processing programs (VCELY163)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that English is one of many languages spoken in Australia and that different languages may be spoken by family, classmates and community (VCELA164)
Language for interaction
  1. Explore how language is used differently at home and school depending on the relationships between people (VCELA165)
  2. Understand that language can be used to explore ways of expressing needs, likes and dislikes (VCELA166)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand the use of vocabulary in familiar contexts related to everyday experiences, personal interests and topics taught at school (VCELA167)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Identify rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and some sounds (phonemes) in spoken words (VCELA168)
  2. Blend and segment onset and rime in single syllable spoken words and isolate, blend and segment phonemes in single syllable words (first consonant sound, last consonant sound, middle vowel sound) (VCELA169)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Respond to texts, identifying favourite stories, authors and illustrators (VCELT170)
  2. Share feelings and thoughts about the events and characters in texts (VCELT171)
Examining literature
  1. Replicate the rhythms and sound patterns in stories, rhymes, songs and poems from a range of cultures (VCELT172)
Creating literature
  1. Modify familiar texts (VCELT173)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen to and respond orally to texts and to the communication of others in informal and structured classroom situations using interaction skills, including listening, while others speak (VCELY174)
  2. Deliver short oral presentations to peers, using appropriate voice levels, articulation, body language, gestures and eye contact (VCELY175)

Foundation Level Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of the Foundation level, students use questioning and monitoring strategies to make meaning from texts. They recall one or two events from texts with familiar topics. They understand that there are different types of texts and that these can have similar characteristics. They identify connections between texts and their personal experience. They read short predictable texts with familiar vocabulary and supportive images, drawing on their developing knowledge of concepts about print, and sound and letters. They identify all the letters of the English alphabet in both upper- and lower-case, and know and can use the sounds represented by most letters.

Writing

When writing, students use familiar words and phrases and images to convey ideas. Their writing shows...

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Level 1

Level 1 Description

In Level 1, students communicate with peers, teachers, known adults and students from other classes.

Students engage with a variety of texts for enjoyment. They listen to, read, view and interpret...

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Level 1 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that the purposes texts serve shape their structure in predictable ways (VCELA176)
  2. Understand concepts about print and screen, including how different types of texts are organised using page numbering, tables of content, headings and titles, navigation buttons, bars and links (VCELA177)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Identify the parts of a simple sentence that represent ‘What’s happening?’, ‘Who or what is involved?’ and the surrounding circumstances (VCELA178)
  2. Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs) (VCELA179)
  3. Compare different kinds of images in narrative and informative texts and discuss how they contribute to meaning (VCELA180)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Recognise short vowels, common long vowels and consonant digraphs, and consonant blends (VCELA181)
  2. Understand how to spell one and two syllable words with common letter patterns (VCELA182)
  3. Understand that a letter can represent more than one sound, and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound (VCELA183)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Respond to texts drawn from a range of cultures and experiences (VCELY185)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning about key events, ideas and information in texts that they listen to, view and read by drawing on growing knowledge of context, text structures and language features (VCELY186)
  2. Read texts with familiar features and structures using developing phrasing, fluency, phonic, semantic, contextual, and grammatical knowledge and emerging text processing strategies, including prediction, monitoring meaning and rereading (VCELY187)
  3. Describe some differences between imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, and identify the audience of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts (VCELY188)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand patterns of repetition and contrast in simple texts (VCELA189)
  2. Recognise that different types of punctuation, including full stops, question marks and exclamation marks, signal sentences that make statements, ask questions, express emotion or give commands (VCELA190)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Recognise and know how to use simple grammatical morphemes in word families (VCELA191)
  2. Understand how to use visual memory to write high-frequency words, and that some high-frequency words have regular and irregular spelling components (VCELA184)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Recreate texts imaginatively using drawing, writing, performance and digital forms of communication (VCELT192)
  2. Build on familiar texts by using similar characters, repetitive patterns or vocabulary (VCELT193)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create short imaginative and informative texts that show emerging use of appropriate text structure, sentence-level grammar, word choice, spelling, punctuation and appropriate multimodal elements (VCELY194)
  2. Reread student's own texts and discuss possible changes to improve meaning, spelling and punctuation (VCELY195)
  3. Understand how to use learned formation patterns to represent sounds and write words using combinations of unjoined upper- and lower-case letters (VCELY196)
  4. Construct texts that incorporate supporting images using software including word processing programs (VCELY197)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that people use different systems of communication to cater to different needs and purposes and that many people may use sign systems to communicate with others (VCELA198)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that language is used in combination with other means of communication (VCELA199)
  2. Understand that there are different ways of asking for information, making offers and giving commands (VCELA200)
  3. Explore different ways of expressing emotions, including verbal, visual, body language and facial expressions (VCELA201)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand the use of vocabulary in everyday contexts as well as a growing number of school contexts, including appropriate use of formal and informal terms of address in different contexts (VCELA202)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Identify the separate phonemes in consonant blends or clusters at the beginnings and ends of syllables (VCELA203)
  2. Manipulate phonemes by addition, deletion and substitution of initial, medial and final phonemes to generate new words (VCELA204)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Discuss how authors create characters using language and images (VCELT205)
Responding to literature
  1. Express preferences for specific texts and authors and listen to the opinions of others (VCELT206)
  2. Discuss characters and events in a range of literary texts and share personal responses to these texts, making connections with own experiences (VCELT207)
Examining literature
  1. Discuss features of plot, character and setting in different types of literature and compare some features of characters in different texts (VCELT208)
  2. Listen to, recite and perform poems, chants, rhymes and songs, imitating and inventing sound patterns including alliteration and rhyme (VCELT209)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Engage in conversations and discussions, using active listening, showing interest, and contributing ideas, information and questions, taking turns and recognising the contributions of others (VCELY210)
  2. Make short presentations, speaking clearly and using appropriate voice and pace, and using some introduced text structures and language (VCELY211)

Level 1 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 1, students understand the different purposes of texts. They make connections to personal experience when explaining characters and main events in short texts. They identify that texts serve different purposes and that this affects how they are organised. They are able to read aloud, with developing fluency, short texts with some unfamiliar vocabulary, simple and compound sentences and supportive images. When reading, they use knowledge of the relationships between sounds and letters, high-frequency words, sentence-boundary punctuation and directionality to make meaning. They recall key ideas and recognise literal and implied meaning in texts.

Writing

When writing, students provide details about ideas or events, and details about the participants...

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Level 2

Level 2 Description

In Level 2, students communicate with peers, teachers, students from other classes, and community members.

Students engage with a variety of texts for enjoyment. They listen to, read, view and interpret...

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Level 2 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that different types of texts have identifiable text structures and language features that help the text serve its purpose (VCELA212)
  2. Know some features of text organisation including page and screen layouts, alphabetical order, and different types of diagrams (VCELA213)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand that simple connections can be made between ideas by using a compound sentence with two or more clauses usually linked by a coordinating conjunction (VCELA214)
  2. Identify visual representations of characters’ actions, reactions, speech and thought processes in narratives, and consider how these images add to or contradict or multiply the meaning of accompanying words (VCELA215)
  3. Understand that nouns represent people, places, things and ideas and include common, proper, concrete or abstract, and that noun groups/phrases can be expanded using articles and adjectives (VCELA216)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Learn some generalisations for adding suffixes to words (VCELA217)
  2. Recognise most letter–sound matches including silent letters, trigraphs, vowel digraphs and common long vowels, and understand that a sound can be represented by various letter combinations (VCELA218)
Literature
Examining literature
  1. Discuss the characters and settings of different texts and explore how language is used to present these features in different ways (VCELT219)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Discuss different texts on a similar topic, identifying similarities and differences between the texts (VCELY220)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Read familiar and some unfamiliar texts with phrasing and fluency by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge using text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, predicting, rereading and self-correcting (VCELY221)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning and begin to analyse texts by drawing on growing knowledge of context, language and visual features and print and multimodal text structures (VCELY222)
  3. Analyse how different texts use nouns to represent people, places, things and ideas in particular ways (VCELY223)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how texts are made cohesive by the use of resources, including word associations, synonyms, and antonyms (VCELA224)
  2. Recognise that capital letters signal proper nouns and commas are used to separate items in lists (VCELA225)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use digraphs, long vowels, blends, silent letters and syllabification to spell simple words including compound words (VCELA226)
  2. Use visual memory to write high-frequency words and words where spelling is not predictable from the sounds (VCELA227)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Create events and characters using different media that develop key events and characters from literary texts (VCELT228)
  2. Build on familiar texts by experimenting with character, setting or plot (VCELT229)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create short imaginative, informative and persuasive texts using growing knowledge of text structures and language features for familiar and some less familiar audiences, selecting print and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose (VCELY230)
  2. Reread and edit text for spelling, sentence-boundary punctuation and text structure (VCELY231)
  3. Write words and sentences legibly using upper- and lower-case letters that are applied with growing fluency using an appropriate pen/pencil grip and body position (VCELY232)
  4. Construct texts featuring print, visual and audio elements using software, including word processing programs (VCELY233)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that spoken, visual and written forms of language are different modes of communication with different features and their use varies according to the audience, purpose, context and cultural background (VCELA234)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that language varies when people take on different roles in social and classroom interactions and how the use of key interpersonal language resources varies depending on context (VCELA235)
  2. Identify language that can be used for appreciating texts and the qualities of people and things (VCELA236)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand the use of vocabulary about familiar and new topics and experiment with and begin to make conscious choices of vocabulary to suit audience and purpose (VCELA237)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Manipulate more complex sounds in spoken words through knowledge of blending and segmenting sounds, phoneme deletion and substitution (VCELA238)
  2. Identify all Standard Australian English phonemes, including short and long vowels, separate sounds in clusters (VCELA239)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Discuss how depictions of characters in print, sound and images reflect the contexts in which they were created (VCELT240)
Responding to literature
  1. Identify aspects of different types of literary texts that entertain, and give reasons for personal preferences (VCELT241)
  2. Compare opinions about characters, events and settings in and between texts (VCELT242)
Examining literature
  1. Identify, reproduce and experiment with rhythmic, sound and word patterns in poems, chants, rhymes and songs (VCELT243)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen for specific purposes and information, including instructions, and extend students’ own and others' ideas in discussions through initiating topics, making positive statements, and voicing disagreement in an appropriate manner (VCELY244)
  2. Rehearse and deliver short presentations on familiar and new topics, speaking clearly and varying tone, volume and pace appropriately, and using supportive props (VCELY245)

Level 2 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 2, students understand how similar texts share characteristics by identifying text structures and language features used to describe characters, settings and events or communicate factual information. They recognise all Standard Australian English phonemes, and most letter–sound matches. They read texts that contain varied sentence structures, some unfamiliar vocabulary, a significant number of high-frequency sight words and images that provide additional information. They monitor meaning and self-correct using context, prior knowledge, punctuation, language and phonic knowledge. They identify literal and implied meaning, main ideas and supporting detail. Students make connections between texts by comparing content.

Writing

Students create texts...

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Level 3

Level 3 Description

In Levels 3 and 4, students communicate with peers and teachers from other classes and schools in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments.

Students engage with a variety of texts...

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Level 3 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how different types of texts vary in use of language choices, depending on their purpose, audience and context, including tense and types of sentences (VCELA246)
  2. Identify the features of online texts that enhance navigation (VCELA247)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Identify the effect on audiences of techniques, including shot size, vertical camera angle and layout in picture books, advertisements and film segments (VCELA248)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to apply knowledge of letter–sound relationships, and blending and segmenting to read and use more complex words with less common consonant and vowel clusters (VCELA249)
  2. Recognise most high-frequency words, know how to use common prefixes and suffixes, and know some homophones and generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word (VCELA250)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Draw connections between personal experiences and the worlds of texts, and share responses with others (VCELT251)
  2. Develop criteria for establishing personal preferences for literature (VCELT252)
Examining literature
  1. Discuss how language is used to describe the settings in texts, and explore how the settings shape the events and influence the mood of the narrative (VCELT253)
  2. Discuss the nature and effects of some language devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader’s reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose (VCELT254)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Identify the point of view in a text and suggest alternative points of view (VCELY255)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Read an increasing range of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge, using text processing strategies, including confirming, rereading and cross-checking (VCELY256)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning and begin to evaluate texts by drawing on a growing knowledge of context, text structures and language features (VCELY257)
  3. Analyse how different texts use verb groups to represent different processes (action, thinking, feeling, saying, relating) (VCELY258)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of written texts (VCELA259)
  2. Know that word contractions are a feature of informal language and that apostrophes of contraction are used to signal missing letters (VCELA260)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb and that these need to be in agreement (VCELA261)
  2. Understand that verbs represent different processes (doing, thinking, saying, and relating) and that these processes are anchored in time through tense (VCELA262)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use letter–sound relationships and less common letter combinations to spell words (VCELA263)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Create imaginative texts based on characters, settings and events from students’ own and other cultures including through the use of visual features (VCELT264)
  2. Create texts that adapt language features and patterns encountered in literary texts (VCELT265)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features and selecting print and multimodal elements appropriate to the audience and purpose (VCELY266)
  2. Reread and edit texts for meaning, appropriate structure, grammatical choices and punctuation (VCELY267)
  3. Understand the conventions for writing words and sentences using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size (VCELY268)
  4. Use software including word processing programs with growing speed and efficiency to construct and edit texts featuring visual, print and audio elements (VCELY269)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that languages have different written and visual communication systems, different oral traditions and different ways of constructing meaning (VCELA270)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that successful cooperation with others depends on shared use of social conventions, including turn-taking patterns, and forms of address that vary according to the degree of formality in social situations (VCELA271)
  2. Examine how evaluative language can be varied to be more or less forceful (VCELA272)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbs (VCELA273)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Discuss texts in which characters, events and settings are portrayed in different ways, and speculate on the authors’ reasons (VCELT274)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen to and contribute to conversations and discussions to share information and ideas and negotiate in collaborative situations and use interaction skills, including active listening and clear, coherent communications (VCELY275)
  2. Plan and deliver short presentations, providing some key details in logical sequence, using appropriate tone, pace, pitch and volume (VCELY276)

Level 3 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 3, students understand how content can be organised using different text structures depending on the purpose of the text. They understand how language features, images and vocabulary choices are used for different effects. They read texts that contain varied sentence structures, a range of punctuation conventions, and images that provide additional information. They apply appropriate text processing strategies when decoding and monitoring meaning in texts, and use knowledge of letter-sound relationships, and blending and segmenting to read more complex words. They can identify literal and implied meaning connecting ideas in different parts of a text. They select information, ideas and events in texts that relate to their own lives and to other texts.

W...

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Level 4

Level 4 Description

In Levels 3 and 4, students experience learning in familiar contexts and a range of contexts that relate to study in other areas of the curriculum. They interact with peers and teachers from other...

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Level 4 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Identify features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text, and understand how texts vary in complexity and technicality depending on the approach to the topic, the purpose and the intended audience (VCELA277)
  2. Identify features of online texts that enhance readability including text, navigation, links, graphics and layout (VCELA278)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Explore the effect of choices when framing an image, placement of elements in the image, and salience on composition of still and moving images in a range of types of texts (VCELA279)
  2. Understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity (VCELA280)
  3. Investigate how quoted (direct) and reported (indirect) speech work in different types of text (VCELA281)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Make connections between the ways different authors may represent similar storylines, ideas and relationships (VCELT282)
Responding to literature
  1. Describe the effects of ideas, text structures and language features of literary texts (VCELT283)
Examining literature
  1. Discuss how authors and illustrators make stories exciting, moving and absorbing and hold readers’ interest by using various techniques (VCELT284)
  2. Understand, interpret and experiment with a range of devices and deliberate word play in poetry and other literary texts (VCELT285)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Identify and explain language features of texts from earlier times and compare with the vocabulary, images, layout and content of contemporary texts (VCELY286)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Read different types of texts for specific purposes by combining phonic, semantic, contextual and grammatical knowledge using text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, skimming, scanning and reviewing (VCELY287)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to build literal and inferred meaning to expand content knowledge, integrating and linking ideas and analysing and evaluating texts (VCELY288)
  3. Compare and evaluate two texts presenting the same ideas and analyse why one is more comprehensible or engaging than the other (VCELY289)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how texts are made cohesive through the use of linking devices including pronoun reference and text connectives (VCELA290)
  2. Recognise how quotation marks are used in texts to signal dialogue, titles and quoted (direct) speech (VCELA291)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases (VCELA292)
  2. Incorporate new vocabulary from a range of sources, including vocabulary encountered in research, into own texts (VCELA293)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use phonic generalisations to identify and write words with more complex letter combinations (VCELA294)
  2. Understand how to use spelling patterns and generalisations including syllabification, letter combinations including double letters, and morphemic knowledge to build word families (VCELA295)
  3. Recognise homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling (VCELA296)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Create literary texts by developing storylines, characters and settings (VCELT297)
  2. Create literary texts that explore students’ own experiences and imagining (VCELT298)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts containing key information and supporting details for a widening range of audiences, demonstrating increasing control over text structures and language features (VCELY299)
  2. Reread and edit for meaning by adding, deleting or moving words or word groups to improve content and structure (VCELY300)
  3. Use a range of software including word processing programs to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements (VCELY302)
  4. Handwrite using clearly-formed joined letters, and develop increased fluency and automaticity (VCELY301)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that Standard Australian English is one of many social dialects used in Australia, and that while it originated in England it has been influenced by many other languages (VCELA303)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that social interactions influence the way people engage with ideas and respond to others (VCELA304)
  2. Understand differences between the language of opinion and feeling and the language of factual reporting or recording (VCELA305)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Discuss literary experiences with others, sharing responses and expressing a point of view (VCELT306)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Interpret ideas and information in spoken texts and listen for key points in order to carry out tasks and use information to share and extend ideas and use interaction skills (VCELY307)
  2. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations incorporating learned content and taking into account the particular audiences and purposes such as informative, persuasive and imaginative, including multimodal elements (VCELY308)

Level 4 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 4, students understand that texts have different structures depending on the purpose and context. They explain how language features, images and vocabulary are used to engage the interest of audiences and can describe literal and implied meaning connecting ideas in different texts. They express preferences for particular types of texts, and respond to others’ viewpoints.

Writing

Students use language features to create coherence and add detail to their texts. They make use of their increasing knowledge of phonics, and they understand how to express an opinion based on information in a text. They create texts that show understanding of how images and detail can be used to extend key ideas. Students create well-structured texts to explain ideas...

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Level 5

Level 5 Description

In Levels 5 and 6, students communicate with peers and teachers from other classes and schools, community members, and individuals and groups, in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments.

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Level 5 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how texts vary in purpose, structure and topic as well as the degree of formality (VCELA309)
  2. Investigate how the organisation of texts into chapters, headings, subheadings, home pages and sub pages for online texts and according to chronology or topic can be used to predict content and assist navigation (VCELA310)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Explain sequences of images in print texts and compare these to the ways hyperlinked digital texts are organised, explaining their effect on viewers’ interpretations (VCELA311)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use banks of known words, syllabification, spelling patterns, word origins, base words, prefixes and suffixes, to spell new words, including some uncommon plurals (VCELA312)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Identify aspects of literary texts that convey details or information about particular social, cultural and historical contexts (VCELT313)
Responding to literature
  1. Use metalanguage to describe the effects of ideas, text structures and language features on particular audiences (VCELT314)
Examining literature
  1. Recognise that ideas in literary texts can be conveyed from different viewpoints, which can lead to different kinds of interpretations and responses (VCELT315)
  2. Understand, interpret and experiment with sound devices and imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, in narratives, shape poetry, songs, anthems and odes (VCELT316)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Show how ideas and points of view in texts are conveyed through the use of vocabulary, including idiomatic expressions, objective and subjective language, and that these can change according to context (VCELY317)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Navigate and read imaginative, informative and persuasive texts by interpreting structural features, including tables of content, glossaries, chapters, headings and subheadings and applying appropriate text processing strategies, including monitoring meaning, skimming and scanning (VCELY318)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to analyse information, integrating and linking ideas from a variety of print and digital sources (VCELY319)
  3. Analyse the text structures and language features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text (VCELY320)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that the starting point of a sentence gives prominence to the message in the text and allows for prediction of how the text will unfold (VCELA321)
  2. Understand how the grammatical category of possessives is signalled through apostrophes and how to use apostrophes with common and proper nouns (VCELA322)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand the difference between main and subordinate clauses and that a complex sentence involves at least one subordinate clause (VCELA323)
  2. Understand how noun groups/phrases and adjective groups/phrases can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of the person, place, thing or idea (VCELA324)
  3. Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts (VCELA325)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Recognise and write less familiar words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations (VCELA326)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Create literary texts that experiment with structures, ideas and stylistic features of selected authors (VCELT327)
  2. Create literary texts using realistic and fantasy settings and characters that draw on the worlds represented in texts students have experienced (VCELT328)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive print and multimodal texts, choosing text structures, language features, images and sound appropriate to purpose and audience (VCELY329)
  2. Reread and edit own and others’ work using agreed criteria for text structures and language features (VCELY330)
  3. Develop a handwriting style that is becoming legible, fluent and automatic (VCELY331)
  4. Use a range of software including word processing programs to construct, edit and publish written text, and select, edit and place visual, print and audio elements (VCELY332)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that the pronunciation, spelling and meanings of words have histories and change over time (VCELA333)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that patterns of language interaction vary across social contexts and types of texts and that they help to signal social roles and relationships (VCELA334)
  2. Understand how to move beyond making bare assertions and take account of differing perspectives and points of view (VCELA335)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Present a point of view about particular literary texts using appropriate metalanguage, and reflecting on the viewpoints of others (VCELT336)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Clarify understanding of content as it unfolds in formal and informal situations, connecting ideas to students’ own experiences, and present and justify a point of view or recount an experience using interaction skills (VCELY337)
  2. Participate in informal debates and plan, rehearse and deliver presentations for defined audiences and purposes incorporating accurate and sequenced content and multimodal elements (VCELY338)

Level 5 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 5, students explain how text structures assist in understanding the text. They understand how language features, images and vocabulary influence interpretations of characters, settings and events. They analyse and explain literal and implied information from a variety of texts. They describe how events, characters and settings in texts are depicted and explain their own responses to them. When reading, they confidently encounter and can decode less familiar words.

Writing

Students use language features to show how ideas can be extended. They develop and explain a point of view about a text. They create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts for different purposes and audiences. When writing, they demonstrate understanding of grammar and sentence...

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Level 6

Level 6 Description

In Levels 5 and 6, students communicate with peers and teachers from other classes and schools, community members, and individuals and groups, in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments.

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Level 6 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how authors often innovate on text structures and play with language features to achieve particular aesthetic, humorous and persuasive purposes and effects (VCELA339)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Identify and explain how analytical images like figures, tables, diagrams, maps and graphs contribute to our understanding of verbal information in factual and persuasive texts (VCELA340)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Analyse and evaluate similarities and differences in texts on similar topics, themes or plots (VCELT341)
  2. Identify and explain how choices in language, including modality, emphasis, repetition and metaphor, influence personal response to different texts (VCELT342)
Examining literature
  1. Identify, describe, and discuss similarities and differences between texts, including those by the same author or illustrator, and evaluate characteristics that define an author’s individual style (VCELT343)
  2. Identify the relationship between words, sounds, imagery and language patterns in narratives and poetry such as ballads, limericks and free verse (VCELT344)
Literacy
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Analyse strategies authors use to influence readers (VCELY345)
  2. Select, navigate and read increasingly complex texts for a range of purposes, applying appropriate text processing strategies to recall information and consolidate meaning (VCELY346)
  3. Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse information and ideas, comparing content from a variety of textual sources including media and digital texts (VCELY347)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that cohesive links can be made in texts by omitting or replacing words (VCELA348)
  2. Understand the uses of commas to separate clauses (VCELA349)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Investigate how complex sentences can be used in a variety of ways to elaborate, extend and explain ideas (VCELA350)
  2. Understand how ideas can be expanded and sharpened through careful choice of verbs, elaborated tenses and a range of adverb groups/phrases (VCELA351)
  3. Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion (VCELA352)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use phonic knowledge and accumulated understandings about blending, letter–sound relationships, common and uncommon letter patterns and phonic generalisations to recognise and write increasingly complex words (VCELA353)
  2. Understand how to use banks of known words, word origins, base words, prefixes, suffixes, spelling patterns and generalisations to spell new words, including technical words and words adopted from other languages (VCELA354)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Experiment with text structures and language features and their effects in creating literary texts (VCELT355)
  2. Create literary texts that adapt or combine aspects of texts students have experienced in innovative ways (VCELT356)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Compare texts including media texts that represent ideas and events in different ways, explaining the effects of the different approaches (VCELY357)
Creating texts
  1. Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, choosing and experimenting with text structures, language features, images and digital resources appropriate to purpose and audience (VCELY358)
  2. Reread and edit own and others’ work using agreed criteria and explaining editing choices (VCELY359)
  3. Develop a handwriting style that is legible, fluent and that can vary depending on context (VCELY360)
  4. Use a range of software, including word processing programs, learning new functions as required to create texts (VCELY361)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that different social and geographical dialects or accents are used in Australia in addition to Standard Australian English (VCELA362)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that strategies for interaction become more complex and demanding as levels of formality and social distance increase (VCELA363)
  2. Understand the uses of objective and subjective language and bias (VCELA364)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Make connections between own experiences and those of characters and events represented in texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts (VCELT365)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Participate in and contribute to discussions, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions, and use interaction skills, varying conventions of spoken interactions according to group size, formality of interaction and needs and expertise of the audience (VCELY366)
  2. Participate in formal and informal debates and plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for defined audiences and purposes, making appropriate choices for modality and emphasis (VCELY367)

Level 6 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 6, students understand how to use knowledge of phonics when decoding familiar words and the technical or derived words in increasingly complex texts. They understand how the use of text structures can achieve particular effects and can analyse and explain how language features, images and vocabulary are used by different authors to represent ideas, characters and events. They compare and analyse information in different texts, explaining literal and implied meaning. They select and use evidence from a text to explain their response to it.

Writing

Students understand how language features and language patterns can be used for emphasis. They show how specific details can be used to support a point of view. They explain how their choices of language...

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Level 7

Level 7 Description

In Levels 7 and 8, students communicate with peers, teachers, individuals, groups and community members in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments. They experience learning in both...

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Level 7 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Language for interaction
  1. Understand how language is used to evaluate texts and how evaluations about a text can be substantiated by reference to the text and other sources (VCELA368)
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand and explain how the text structures and language features of texts become more complex in informative and persuasive texts and identify underlying structures such as taxonomies, cause and effect, and extended metaphors (VCELA369)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Analyse how point of view is generated in visual texts by means of choices, including gaze, angle and social distance (VCELA370)
  2. Investigate vocabulary typical of extended and more academic texts and the role of abstract nouns, classification, description and generalisation in building specialised knowledge through language (VCELA371)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Compare the ways that language and images are used to create character, and to influence emotions and opinions in different types of texts (VCELT372)
  2. Discuss aspects of texts, including their aesthetic and social value, using relevant and appropriate metalanguage (VCELT373)
Examining literature
  1. Recognise and analyse the ways that characterisation, events and settings are combined in narratives, and discuss the purposes and appeal of different approaches (VCELT374)
  2. Understand, interpret and discuss how language is compressed to produce a dramatic effect in film or drama, and to create layers of meaning in poetry (VCELT375)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Analyse and explain the effect of technological innovations on texts, particularly media texts (VCELY376)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Use prior knowledge and text processing strategies to interpret a range of types of texts (VCELY377)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to interpret, analyse and synthesise ideas and information, critiquing ideas and issues from a variety of textual sources (VCELY378)
  3. Analyse and explain the ways text structures and language features shape meaning and vary according to audience and purpose (VCELY379)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that the coherence of more complex texts relies on devices that signal text structure and guide readers, for example overviews, initial and concluding paragraphs and topic sentences, indexes or site maps or breadcrumb trails for online texts (VCELA380)
  2. Understand the use of punctuation to support meaning in complex sentences with prepositional phrases and embedded clauses (VCELA381)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Recognise and understand that subordinate clauses embedded within noun groups/phrases are a common feature of written sentence structures and increase the density of information (VCELA382)
  2. Understand how modality is achieved through discriminating choices in modal verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns (VCELA383)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use spelling rules and word origins to learn new words and how to spell them (VCELA384)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Experiment with text structures and language features and their effects in creating literary texts (VCELT385)
  2. Create literary texts that adapt stylistic features encountered in other texts (VCELT386)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Plan, draft and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, selecting aspects of subject matter and particular language, visual, and audio features to convey information and ideas to a specific audience (VCELY387)
  2. Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact (VCELY388)
  3. Consolidate a personal handwriting style that is legible, fluent and automatic and supports writing for extended periods (VCELY389)
  4. Use a range of software, including word processing programs, to create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts (VCELY390)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand the way language evolves to reflect a changing world, particularly in response to the use of new technology for presenting texts and communicating (VCELA391)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand how accents, styles of speech and idioms express and create personal and social identities (VCELA392)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Identify and explore ideas and viewpoints about events, issues and characters represented in texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts (VCELT393)
Responding to literature
  1. Reflect on ideas and opinions about characters, settings and events in literary texts, identifying areas of agreement and difference with others and justifying a point of view (VCELT394)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Identify and discuss main ideas, concepts and points of view in spoken texts to evaluate qualities, using interaction skills when sharing interpretations or presenting ideas and information (VCELY395)
  2. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to promote a point of view or enable a new way of seeing, using body language, voice qualities and other elements to add interest and meaning (VCELY396)

Level 7 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 7, students understand how text structures can influence the complexity of a text and are dependent on audience, purpose and context. They demonstrate understanding of how the choice of language features, images and vocabulary affects meaning. They explain issues and ideas from a variety of sources, analysing supporting evidence and implied meaning. They select specific details from texts to develop their own response, recognising that texts reflect different viewpoints.

Writing

Students understand how the selection of a variety of language features can influence an audience. They understand how to draw on personal knowledge, textual analysis and other sources to express or challenge a point of view. They create texts showing how language features...

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Level 8

Level 8 Description

In Levels 7 and 8, students interact with peers, teachers, individuals, groups and community members in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments. They experience learning in both...

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Level 8 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Language for interaction
  1. Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody (VCELA397)
Text structure and organisation
  1. Analyse how the text structures and language features of persuasive texts, including media texts, vary according to the medium and mode of communication (VCELA398)
  2. Understand how cohesion in texts is improved by strengthening the internal structure of paragraphs through the use of examples, quotations and substantiation of claims (VCELA399)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Analyse and examine how effective authors control and use a variety of clause structures, including clauses embedded within the structure of a noun group/phrase or clause (VCELA400)
  2. Recognise that vocabulary choices contribute to the specificity, abstraction and style of texts (VCELA401)
  3. Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning (VCELA402)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Explore the ways that ideas and viewpoints in literary texts drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts may reflect or challenge the values of individuals and groups (VCELT403)
  2. Explore the interconnectedness of Country and Place, People, Identity and Culture in texts including those by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors (VCELT404)
Responding to literature
  1. Understand and explain how combinations of words and images in texts are used to represent particular groups in society, and how texts position readers in relation to those groups (VCELT405)
  2. Recognise and explain differing viewpoints about the world, cultures, individual people and concerns represented in texts (VCELT406)
Examining literature
  1. Recognise, explain and analyse the ways literary texts draw on readers’ knowledge of other texts and enable new understanding and appreciation of aesthetic qualities (VCELT407)
  2. Identify and evaluate devices that create tone in literary texts, including humour, wordplay, innuendo and parody (VCELT408)
  3. Interpret and analyse language choices, including sentence patterns, dialogue, imagery and other language features, in short stories, literary essays and plays (VCELT409)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Analyse and explain how language has evolved over time and how technology and the media have influenced language use and forms of communication (VCELY410)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Apply increasing knowledge of vocabulary, text structures and language features to understand the content of texts (VCELY411)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to interpret and evaluate texts by reflecting on the validity of content and the credibility of sources, including finding evidence in the text for the author’s point of view (VCELY412)
  3. Analyse and evaluate the ways that text structures and language features vary according to the purpose of the text and the ways that referenced sources add authority to a text (VCELY413)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how coherence is created in complex texts through devices like lexical cohesion, ellipsis, grammatical theme and text connectives (VCELA414)
  2. Understand the use of punctuation conventions, including colons, semicolons, dashes and brackets in formal and informal texts (VCELA415)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand the effect of nominalisation in the writing of informative and persuasive texts (VCELA416)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to apply learned knowledge consistently in order to spell accurately and to learn new words including nominalisations (VCELA417)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Experiment with particular language features drawn from different types of texts, including combinations of language and visual choices to create new texts (VCELT418)
  2. Create literary texts that draw upon text structures and language features of other texts for particular purposes and effects (VCELT419)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that raise issues, report events and advance opinions, using deliberate language and textual choices, and including digital elements as appropriate (VCELY420)
  2. Experiment with text structures and language features to refine and clarify ideas to improve the effectiveness of own texts (VCELY421)
  3. Use a range of software, including word processing programs, to create, edit and publish texts imaginatively (VCELY422)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand the influence and impact that the English language has had on other languages or dialects and how English has been influenced in return (VCELA423)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand how conventions of speech adopted by communities influence the identities of people in those communities (VCELA424)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Share, reflect on, clarify and evaluate opinions and arguments about aspects of literary texts (VCELT425)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Interpret the stated and implied meanings in spoken texts, and use interaction skills including voice and language conventions to discuss evidence that supports or challenges different perspectives (VCELY426)
  2. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content, including multimodal elements, to reflect a diversity of viewpoints, using voice and language conventions to suit different situations, modulating voice and incorporating elements for specific effects (VCELY427)

Level 8 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 8, students understand how the selection of text structures is influenced by the selection of language mode and how this varies for different purposes and audiences. They explain how language features, images and vocabulary are used to represent different ideas and issues in texts. They interpret texts, questioning the reliability of sources of ideas and information. They select evidence from the text to show how events, situations and people can be represented from different viewpoints.

Writing

Students understand how the selection of language features can be used for particular purposes and effects. They explain the effectiveness of language choices they use to influence the audience. Through combining ideas, images and language features from other...

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Level 9

Level 9 Description

In Levels 9 and 10, students interact with peers, teachers, individuals, groups and community members in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments. They experience learning in familiar...

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Level 9 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Language for interaction
  1. Investigate how evaluation can be expressed directly and indirectly using devices, including allusion, evocative vocabulary and metaphor (VCELA428)
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand that authors innovate with text structures and language for specific purposes and effects (VCELA429)
  2. Compare and contrast the use of cohesive devices in texts, focusing on how they serve to signpost ideas, to make connections and to build semantic associations between ideas (VCELA430)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Analyse and explain the use of symbols, icons and myth in still and moving images and how these augment meaning (VCELA431)
  2. Identify how vocabulary choices contribute to specificity, abstraction and stylistic effectiveness (VCELA432)
  3. Explain how authors creatively use the structures of sentences and clauses for particular effects (VCELA433)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how spelling is used creatively in texts for particular effects (VCELA434)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Interpret and compare how representations of people and culture in literary texts are drawn from different historical, social and cultural contexts (VCELT435)
Responding to literature
  1. Present an argument about a literary text based on initial impressions and subsequent analysis of the whole text (VCELT436)
  2. Explore and reflect on personal understanding of the world and significant human experience gained from interpreting various representations of life matters in texts (VCELT437)
Examining literature
  1. Analyse texts from familiar and unfamiliar contexts, and discuss and evaluate their content and the appeal of an individual author’s literary style (VCELT438)
  2. Analyse text structures and language features of literary texts, and make relevant comparisons with other texts (VCELT439)
  3. Interpret and analyse language choices, including sentence patterns, dialogue, imagery and other language features, in short stories, literary essays and plays (VCELT440)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Analyse how the construction and interpretation of texts, including media texts, can be influenced by cultural perspectives and other texts (VCELY441)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Analyse and evaluate how authors combine language and visual choices to present information, opinions and perspectives in different texts (VCELY442)
  2. Use comprehension strategies to interpret and analyse texts, comparing and evaluating representations of an event, issue, situation or character in different texts (VCELY443)
  3. Apply an expanding vocabulary to read increasingly complex texts with fluency and comprehension (VCELY444)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how punctuation is used along with layout and font variations in constructing texts for different audiences and purposes (VCELA445)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Understand how certain abstract nouns can be used to summarise preceding or subsequent stretches of text (VCELA446)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Experiment with the ways that language features, image and sound can be adapted in literary texts (VCELT447)
  2. Create literary texts, including hybrid texts, that innovate on aspects of other texts, including through the use of parody, allusion and appropriation (VCELT448)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create imaginative, informative and persuasive texts that present a point of view and advance or illustrate arguments, including texts that integrate visual, print and/or audio features (VCELY449)
  2. Review and edit students’ own and others’ texts to improve clarity and control over content, organisation, paragraphing, sentence structure, vocabulary and audio/visual features (VCELY450)
  3. Publishing texts using a range of software, including word processing programs, flexibly and imaginatively (VCELY451)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that Standard Australian English is a living language within which the creation and loss of words and the evolution of usage is ongoing (VCELA452)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that roles and relationships are developed and challenged through language and interpersonal skills (VCELA453)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Reflect on, discuss and explore notions of literary value and how and why such notions vary according to context (VCELT454)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Listen to spoken texts constructed for different purposes and analyse how language features in these texts position listeners to respond in particular ways, and consider the interaction skills used to present and discuss ideas, or to influence and engage audiences through persuasive language, varied voice tone, pitch and pace (VCELY455)
  2. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for aesthetic and playful purposes (VCELY456)

Level 9 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 9, students analyse the ways that text structures can be manipulated for effect. They analyse and explain how images, vocabulary choices and language features distinguish the work of individual authors. They evaluate and integrate ideas and information from texts to form their own interpretations. They select evidence from the text to analyse and explain how language choices and conventions are used to influence an audience.

Writing

Students understand how to use a variety of language features to create different levels of meaning. They understand how interpretations can vary by comparing their responses to texts to the responses of others. In creating texts students demonstrate how manipulating language features and images can create innovative texts...

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Level 10

Level 10 Description

In Levels 9 and 10, students interact with peers, teachers, individuals, groups and community members in a range of face-to-face and online/virtual environments. They experience learning in familiar...

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Level 10 Content Descriptions

Reading and Viewing

Language
Language for interaction
  1. Understand that people’s evaluations of texts are influenced by their value systems, the context and the purpose and mode of communication (VCELA457)
Text structure and organisation
  1. Compare the purposes, text structures and language features of traditional and contemporary texts in different media (VCELA458)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Evaluate the impact on audiences of different choices in the representation of still and moving images (VCELA459)
Literature
Literature and context
  1. Compare and evaluate a range of representations of individuals and groups in different historical, social and cultural contexts (VCELT460)
Responding to literature
  1. Analyse and explain how text structures, language features and visual features of texts and the context in which texts are experienced may influence audience response (VCELT461)
  2. Evaluate the social, moral and ethical positions represented in texts (VCELT462)
Examining literature
  1. Identify, explain and discuss how narrative viewpoint, structure, characterisation and devices including analogy and satire shape different interpretations and responses to a text (VCELT463)
  2. Analyse and evaluate text structures and language features of literary texts and make relevant thematic and intertextual connections with other texts (VCELT464)
  3. Compare and evaluate how ‘voice’ as a literary device can be used in a range of different types of texts such as poetry to evoke particular emotional responses (VCELT465)
Literacy
Texts in context
  1. Analyse and evaluate how people, cultures, places, events, objects and concepts are represented in texts, including media texts, through language, structural and/or visual choices (VCELY466)
Interpreting, analysing, evaluating
  1. Identify and analyse implicit or explicit values, beliefs and assumptions in texts and how these are influenced by purposes and likely audiences (VCELY467)
  2. Choose a reading technique and reading path appropriate for the type of text, to retrieve and connect ideas within and between texts (VCELY468)
  3. Use comprehension strategies to compare and contrast information within and between texts, identifying and analysing embedded perspectives, and evaluating supporting evidence (VCELY469)

Writing

Language
Text structure and organisation
  1. Understand how paragraphs and images can be arranged for different purposes, audiences, perspectives and stylistic effects (VCELA470)
  2. Understand conventions for citing others, and how to reference these in different ways (VCELA471)
Expressing and developing ideas
  1. Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts (VCELA472)
  2. Analyse how higher order concepts are developed in complex texts through language features including nominalisation, clause combinations, technicality and abstraction (VCELA473)
  3. Refine vocabulary choices to discriminate between shades of meaning, with deliberate attention to the effect on audiences (VCELA474)
Phonics and word knowledge
  1. Understand how to use knowledge of the spelling system to spell unusual and technical words accurately (VCELA475)
Literature
Creating literature
  1. Create literary texts that reflect an emerging sense of personal style and evaluate the effectiveness of these texts (VCELT476)
  2. Create literary texts with a sustained ‘voice’, selecting and adapting appropriate text structures, literary devices, language, auditory and visual structures and features for a specific purpose and intended audience (VCELT477)
  3. Create imaginative texts that make relevant thematic and intertextual connections with other texts (VCELT478)
Literacy
Creating texts
  1. Create sustained texts, including texts that combine specific digital or media content, for imaginative, informative, or persuasive purposes that reflect upon challenging and complex issues (VCELY479)
  2. Review, edit and refine own and others’ texts for control of content, organisation, sentence structure, vocabulary, and/or visual features to achieve particular purposes and effects (VCELY480)
  3. Use a range of software, including word processing programs, confidently, flexibly and imaginatively to create, edit and publish texts, considering the identified purpose and the characteristics of the user (VCELY481)

Speaking and Listening

Language
Language variation and change
  1. Understand that Standard Australian English in its spoken and written forms has a history of evolution and change and continues to evolve (VCELA482)
Language for interaction
  1. Understand how language use can have inclusive and exclusive social effects, and can empower or disempower people (VCELA483)
Literature
Responding to literature
  1. Reflect on, extend, endorse or refute others’ interpretations of and responses to literature (VCELT484)
Literacy
Interacting with others
  1. Identify and explore the purposes and effects of different text structures and language features of spoken texts, and use this knowledge to create purposeful texts that inform, persuade and engage audiences, using organisation patterns, voice and language conventions to present a coherent point of view on a subject (VCELY485)
  2. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to influence a course of action, speaking clearly and using logic, imagery and rhetorical devices in order to engage audiences (VCELY486)

Level 10 Achievement Standard

Reading and Viewing

By the end of Level 10, students evaluate how text structures can be used in innovative ways by different authors. They explain how the choice of language features, images and vocabulary contributes to the development of individual style. They develop and justify their own interpretations of texts. They evaluate other interpretations, analysing the evidence used to support them.

Writing

Students show how the selection of language features can achieve precision and stylistic effect. They explain different viewpoints, attitudes and perspectives through the development of cohesive and logical arguments. They develop their own style by experimenting with language features, stylistic devices, text structures and images. They create a wide range of texts to articulate complex...

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